• We have updated our Community Code of Conduct. Please read through the new rules for the forum that are an integral part of Paradox Interactive’s User Agreement.
Status
Not open for further replies.

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
No direct taxation of an individual before Augustas, thats introduced by him.

??? Under the Republic, the tributum is a direct taxation based on the fortune of the citizens according to the census. (Rome et la conquête du monde méditerranéen (264-27 av. J.-C.) ; PUF ; Claude Nicolet ; p.236-269)



Er no, tax was levied on the value of your property ownership, ie the wealthy paid more in proportion, the really wealthy were the ones opwning the slaves in vast numbers, and thus paying most of the taxation.

Yes ? The sentence you quoted refers to the game mechanics and their rationale, not historical information.


So slave ownership is a good representation of wealth ownership as it applies to taxation based on wealth.

Slaves-ownership is not representative of the monetary sum eligible citizens would pay for taxes.

"Wealth is not a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership" (Rosenstein, Nathan. “Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic.” The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 98, 2008, p.20)
 

Holmes

Captain
22 Badges
Dec 15, 2003
346
3
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: No Step Back
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Imperator: Rome - Magna Graecia
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris - Path to Destruction bundle
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Stellaris: Digital Anniversary Edition
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Pillars of Eternity
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
??? Under the Republic, the tributum is a direct taxation based on the fortune of the citizens according to the census. (Rome et la conquête du monde méditerranéen (264-27 av. J.-C.) ; PUF ; Claude Nicolet ; p.236-269)

Your mis reading the book. Re posting that which is incorrect does magicly not change it to being correct. Its refering to the census Class the individual belongs nif a Roman Citizen, the lower classes in the census payed nothing, for forigners, they all pay as the tax is set for the province they reside in, its governers collects it from all in his province.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Tributum.html

https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/hin/110703.pdf

In the form of tributum soli (land-tax) or tributum capitis (poll tax). ... registered in census classes in order to be allocated to a voting century

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9Q83DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=Under+the+Republic,+the+tributum+is+a+direct+taxation+based+on+the+fortune+of+the+citizens+according+to+the+census&source=bl&ots=WRy4gmWjuu&sig=weHAB-M5QVWj9pnBEPbwrn1OFWY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHzKaUs7_cAhUBI8AKHWgjCCoQ6AEwCHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Under the Republic, the tributum is a direct taxation based on the fortune of the citizens according to the census&f=false


https://www.jstor.org/stable/40267937?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Italians no longer paid direct taxes after 167 BC but continued to pay indirect taxes

https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/...created-the-biggest-economic-boom-in-history/

Direct taxation was impossible in the Roman Empire so there was no income tax. Property taxes were more efficient and could be administered by census. Income taxes were not possible simply because there was no such mechanism at that point in time. Local communities would decide for themselves how to divide up the tax burden among their citizens.

https://www.unrv.com/economy/roman-taxes.php
Tax in the Early Days of the Roman Repulic
In the early days of the Roman Republic, public taxes consisted of modest assessments on owned wealth and property. The tax rate under normal circumstances was 1% and sometimes would climb as high as 3% in situations such as war. These modest taxes were levied against land, homes and other real estate, slaves, animals, personal items and monetary wealth. Taxes were collected from individuals and, at times, payments could be refunded by the treasury for excess collections. With limited census accuracy, tax collection on individuals was a difficult task at best.





Yes ? The sentence you quoted refers to the game mechanics and their rationale, not historical information.

Nope. Your the one inventing that which did not occur in history.



Slaves-ownership is not representative of the monetary sum eligible citizens would pay for taxes.

"Wealth is not a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership" (Rosenstein, Nathan. “Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic.” The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 98, 2008, p.20)

Except it was, as was the economic output of the slave, depending on what economic activity they were in, produced taxation.
http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view...99935390.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935390-e-38

By tributa / stipendia are always meant taxes raised on the basis of a census or tax list. Because of their exclusive status (this is largely true for all citizens of a state in antiquity), these tributa were not levied on Roman citizens, but only in exceptional circumstances, as in war. After 167 bc, there were no longer such tributa (Plin. HN 33.56), only in rare emergency situations (cf. esp. Nicolet 1976; Wolters 2007: 410–412, with further literature). The term was finally transferred to describe the status of the inhabitants of the provinces, who were liable, for example, to a tributum capitis (poll tax) or tributum soli (land tax), calculated on basis of a (census) list. In most cases, the Romans tied the tax levy to the tradition of the territory and the former regime. The term stipendium / provincia stipendiaria was also common to show that the territory had been acquired by a Roman conquest with a military guerdon (stipendium) to be paid by the inhabitants.

In contrast, vectigal, etymologically deriving from vehere (to convey or transport), first designated the cartloads of crops from ager publicus (public land) that had to be given to the state as landlord by the leaseholder. As a consequence, only the ratio could be defined in advance, but not the exact amount, which depended on the harvest, and this concept later defined also the taxes called vectigalia: they were not raised on the basis of (census) lists but on occasion.

Page 68/9
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C5itCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168&dq=roman+taxation+on+movable+goods+ie+slaves&source=bl&ots=_PBv0zpdFB&sig=OTJyCsGAig_V-IF3ZeDrXVY1zr0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjo6M-wtr_cAhXKKMAKHSzMBP0Q6AEwAnoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&q=roman taxation on movable goods ie slaves&f=false
 

Arbus

General
119 Badges
Jun 3, 2009
1.782
3.103
  • Victoria 3 Sign Up
  • Imperator: Rome Deluxe Edition
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Colonel
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Pre-order
  • 500k Club
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis: Rome
I think this all stems from the confusion between wealth and income.

I'll admit I don't know enough about taxation during this time-period, but I think many forms of taxation already existed including tolls, tarrifs, wealth taxes, harvest taxes, labor taxes, flat taxes, variable taxes etc. So it is a bit difficult to abstract a variety of diferent systems and include them in the game in a way that makes sense for the player.

The way I see it, although wealth per se (a stock) was not dependent on slaves, on a macro level, the abundance of labor decreased the costs of labor which greatly benefits the owners of capital (mosly landowners in this case). These landowners have an increase in income (a flow), due to the decreasing costs of labor, which in turn contributes to their wealth (a stock). Therefore, while at the micro level we have wealthy people who profited from many different sources of income (with pure extortion being of them), at the macro level the entire upper strata of the society benefited from having more people working for so little.

I think the slave class in the game refers to both pure slaves, but also serfs, and freemen so destitute they had to accept whatever they were able to get. While not slaves in the legal sense, in economic terms they are that laborers with no bargaining power, price-takers, in a world where labor exists in abundance. Here the landowners are able to scrap all the surplus value, increasing their income and spending in businesses owned by other elites. These other elites, don't need slaves to work in the fields, but benefit from the increased demand coming from the landowners. Again, although at the individual level they don't rely on slaves, they indirectly benefit from the cheap labor they provide the landowners.

I have no ideia how the game will work, but for now, the ideia that an abundance of slaves increases the amount of taxes you are able to collect, seems logical from an economics prespective.
 

Holmes

Captain
22 Badges
Dec 15, 2003
346
3
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: No Step Back
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Imperator: Rome - Magna Graecia
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris - Path to Destruction bundle
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Stellaris: Digital Anniversary Edition
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Pillars of Eternity
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
Yes, cheap easy replaced labour was prime reason tehnology failled to advance at levels we are used to, economicly slaves were the fuel of economy, due to its coercive aplication, anythying the Empire wanted could be achieved through slave labour, no incentives to move to a region and build the many public project the state wanted, just i want, you go do. No expensive bonus system for working in mines, or health and safty issues for life limb, just cheap labour costs.
 

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
Your mis reading the book. Re posting that which is incorrect does magicly not change it to being correct. Its refering to the census Class the individual belongs nif a Roman Citizen, the lower classes in the census payed nothing, for forigners, they all pay as the tax is set for the province they reside in, its governers collects it from all in his province.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Tributum.html

https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/hin/110703.pdf

I have trouble understanding your grammar.

Did you read/own the book mentionned ?

The book excerpt from 1870 you referenced also says : "The usual amount of the tax was one for every thousand of a man's fortune" and "When this tax was to be paid, what sum was to be raised, and what portion of every thousand asses of the census, were matters upon which the senate alone had to decide".

In short, it is a direct taxation based on the fortune of the citizens according to the census.


You are referring here to the tributum(s) after the Augustus reforms, not the tributum under the Republic.

Direct taxation was impossible in the Roman Empire so there was no income tax. Property taxes were more efficient and could be administered by census. Income taxes were not possible simply because there was no such mechanism at that point in time. Local communities would decide for themselves how to divide up the tax burden among their citizens.

Direct taxation is a tax imposed upon a person or property as distinct from a tax imposed upon a transaction, which is an indirect tax. (It seems your sentences also contradict themselves as you are writing just before that "Italians no longer paid direct taxes after 167 BC".)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40267937?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Italians no longer paid direct taxes after 167 BC but continued to pay indirect taxes

No, Roman citizens no longer paid direct taxes after 167 BC, not Italians. This is an important distinction as the Socii/allied cities were still subjected to a stipendium. (Nicolet, Claude. “Le Stipendium Des Allies Italiens Avant La Guerre Sociale.” Papers of the British School at Rome, vol. 46, 1978, pp. 1–11)


Nope. Your the one inventing that which did not occur in history.

?

The initial sentence: "To represent these taxes, as Imperator has a different class separation system, the game assumes that the indicator of the wealth of those tax-paying citizens is the amount of slaves they own, so slaves give you taxes." talks about the shown game mechanics.


Except it was, as was the economic output of the slave, depending on what economic activity they were in, produced taxation.

To sum up, you are saying that Nathan Rosenstein, that I am quoting is wrong ?
 

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
I think this all stems from the confusion between wealth and income.

I'll admit I don't know enough about taxation during this time-period, but I think many forms of taxation already existed including tolls, tarrifs, wealth taxes, harvest taxes, labor taxes, flat taxes, variable taxes etc. So it is a bit difficult to abstract a variety of diferent systems and include them in the game in a way that makes sense for the player.

The way I see it, although wealth per se (a stock) was not dependent on slaves, on a macro level, the abundance of labor decreased the costs of labor which greatly benefits the owners of capital (mosly landowners in this case). These landowners have an increase in income (a flow), due to the decreasing costs of labor, which in turn contributes to their wealth (a stock). Therefore, while at the micro level we have wealthy people who profited from many different sources of income (with pure extortion being of them), at the macro level the entire upper strata of the society benefited from having more people working for so little.

I think the slave class in the game refers to both pure slaves, but also serfs, and freemen so destitute they had to accept whatever they were able to get. While not slaves in the legal sense, in economic terms they are that laborers with no bargaining power, price-takers, in a world where labor exists in abundance. Here the landowners are able to scrap all the surplus value, increasing their income and spending in businesses owned by other elites. These other elites, don't need slaves to work in the fields, but benefit from the increased demand coming from the landowners. Again, although at the individual level they don't rely on slaves, they indirectly benefit from the cheap labor they provide the landowners.

I have no ideia how the game will work, but for now, the ideia that an abundance of slaves increases the amount of taxes you are able to collect, seems logical from an economics prespective.

Taxation can easily be separated into direct taxation and indirect taxation and that is what the game developers re doing. From the screenshot on dev-diary number 6 you can see that money earned is split between taxes from slaves (their version of direct taxation) and revenues from trade (indirect taxation).

It is true that the amount of slaves brought from successful roman campaigns was mostly to the benefit of the generals/higher echelon of the social ladder (although there is a surprising broad distribution of slave-owernship in late republic roman society (Temin, Peter. “The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 34, no. 4, 2004. p.7 ). But it is not to say that the cost of labor drastically decreased from the slaves numbers from the conquests and that the land-workers were thus subjected to a quasi state of servitude by land-owners as the majority of the agricultural workers were not slaves, slave cost was relatively high (Rosenstein, Nathan. “Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic.” The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 98, 2008. p.18) and the labor market structure of the early roman empire was fully functionning.

This is a Marxist view on the situation that is conflating legal and economic relations by equating wages with servitude.

I would refer to the first linked article for more information on labor markets in the Early Roman Empire (PM me if you want the PDF)
 

Arbus

General
119 Badges
Jun 3, 2009
1.782
3.103
  • Victoria 3 Sign Up
  • Imperator: Rome Deluxe Edition
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Colonel
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Pre-order
  • 500k Club
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis: Rome
Taxation can easily be separated into direct taxation and indirect taxation and that is what the game developers re doing. From the screenshot on dev-diary number 6 you can see that money earned is split between taxes from slaves (their version of direct taxation) and revenues from trade (indirect taxation).

It's different because there can be direct taxation on wealth and direct taxation on income, but the game isn't making any distinction. It's just making a direct link between more income, more wealth, more taxes. Your argument is that the link between slaves and wealth is weak, and what I'm saying is, while that may be true at the micro level, at the macro level it is logical to assume a strong link between excess labor and wealth accumulation.

It is true that the amount of slaves brought from successful roman campaigns was mostly to the benefit of the generals/higher echelon of the social ladder (although there is a surprising broad distribution of slave-owernship in late republic roman society (Temin, Peter. “The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 34, no. 4, 2004. p.7 ). But it is not to say that the cost of labor drastically decreased from the slaves numbers from the conquests and that the land-workers were thus subjected to a quasi state of servitude by land-owners as the majority of the agricultural workers were not slaves, slave cost was relatively high (Rosenstein, Nathan. “Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic.” The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 98, 2008. p.18) and the labor market structure of the early roman empire was fully functionning.

This is a Marxist view on the situation that is conflating legal and economic relations by equating wages with servitude.

Maybe, but it's also very mainstream economics, a higher supply of labor will descrease its price. Even if slaves were expensive, they were a sound long term investment, otherwise people wouldn't buy them. The last article you quote defends that we have to look at demand as well, which is perfectly sensible, and questions the profitability of agriculture, which is sensible as well. But the article also recognizes the increased productivity that came along with slaves (although not as high as we used to think), and I think that's the crux of it. On the grand scale of things, more slaves is a good thing, it creates a surplus that the state can use to finance an army and public works.
 

Guedes

First Lieutenant
11 Badges
Feb 16, 2018
206
146
  • Knights of Pen and Paper +1 Edition
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2
  • Magicka 2
  • Tyranny: Archon Edition
  • Tyranny - Tales from the Tiers
  • Tyranny - Bastards Wound
  • Imperator: Rome Sign Up
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Magicka
Yes, cheap easy replaced labour was prime reason tehnology failled to advance at levels we are used to

Max Weber agrees with you.

It's different because there can be direct taxation on wealth and direct taxation on income, but the game isn't making any distinction. It's just making a direct link between more income, more wealth, more taxes. Your argument is that the link between slaves and wealth is weak, and what I'm saying is, while that may be true at the micro level, at the macro level it is logical to assume a strong link between excess labor and wealth accumulation.

Exactly, thats what i (tried to) said before. Its obviously a simplification, but its a valid simplification ihmo. This is a game after all. The OP doesnt seem particularly annoyed by other "unrealistic" features like the pop distribution i pointed out or the restricted number of buildings, etc... seems nitpicking to me. But, hey, some people get annoyed by different things i guess.
 

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
It's different because there can be direct taxation on wealth and direct taxation on income, but the game isn't making any distinction. It's just making a direct link between more income, more wealth, more taxes. Your argument is that the link between slaves and wealth is weak, and what I'm saying is, while that may be true at the micro level, at the macro level it is logical to assume a strong link between excess labor and wealth accumulation.

Direct taxation in the republic/early empire is on a % of wealth.

Maybe, but it's also very mainstream economics, a higher supply of labor will descrease its price. Even if slaves were expensive, they were a sound long term investment, otherwise people wouldn't buy them. The last article you quote defends that we have to look at demand as well, which is perfectly sensible, and questions the profitability of agriculture, which is sensible as well. But the article also recognizes the increased productivity that came along with slaves (although not as high as we used to think), and I think that's the crux of it. On the grand scale of things, more slaves is a good thing, it creates a surplus that the state can use to finance an army and public works.

In an ancient agrarian society the majority of the surplus wealth extraction comes from agriculture and its associated activities where the majority of the workers are not slaves. (Landlords and Tenants in Imperial Rome. Pp.251. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980). It is not an extractive economy based off slaves.

You could make a case of urban labor market being more responsive to labor offer fluctuation, but the main urban market differenciation for labor is skill (literacy etcc) and an increased supply of slave numbers would not be directly correlated with urban wages as most urban jobs would require skills (cf Cato "business school" of educating slaves for jobs) and cities were not industrial centers creating extractive wealth but platforms of demand that the countryside/hinterland would satisfy through its surplus.
 

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
Max Weber agrees with you.



Exactly, thats what i (tried to) said before. Its obviously a simplification, but its a valid simplification ihmo. This is a game after all. The OP doesnt seem particularly annoyed by other "unrealistic" features like the pop distribution i pointed out or the restricted number of buildings, etc... seems nitpicking to me. But, hey, some people get annoyed by different things i guess.

Oh I am annoyed by a lot of other features shown so far ;)

The game is highly inauthentic by many metrics, but for this thread I am focusing on the portrayal of slavery and taxes :)
 

Puking Panda

Major
47 Badges
Mar 4, 2012
645
624
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Pre-order
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • King Arthur II
  • Heir to the Throne
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Call to arms event
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • A Game of Dwarves
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • Europa Universalis III
  • Europa Universalis III: Chronicles
  • Divine Wind
  • Imperator: Rome Sign Up
  • Age of Wonders III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Colonel
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Age of Wonders: Planetfall Sign Up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Stellaris: Galaxy Edition
  • Stellaris: Galaxy Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Mount & Blade: With Fire and Sword
  • Mount & Blade: Warband
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • 500k Club
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Europa Universalis IV
I think one of the problems the game has is that it doesn't really represent arable land and it's tenants. Earlier the "Freemen"(as the term would be used in-game) were farmers, served part-time as soldiers, gave small amount of taxes based on how much land they had. Later they were displaced by slaves, the Freemen lost their lands, paid zero taxes but taxes in general increased from the land-holding aristocrats who owned the slaves. In turn the Freemen became more urbanized, more politically powerful and started to serve as full-time professionals.

Maybe there should be like a slider for Land Ownership with Freemen on one side and Aristocrats on the other. The more slaves you have, the more powerful the Aristocrats become the more taxes you obtain, the more manpower you get, the more powerful your army becomes (proletarians working as full-time soldiers), more wealth is gathered by characters themselves and the populist party becomes increasingly powerful.

The exact opposite is true when you have alot of Freemen owning land, you will have a significantly more stable Country, Freemen will pay taxes but significantly less than slave-pops and most of your characters(patricians) will not like your if you aren't using slaves after major conquests.
 

fall back

Captain
82 Badges
Oct 17, 2016
479
22
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Age of Wonders: Planetfall Premium edition
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Age of Wonders: Planetfall
  • Europa Universalis IV: Dharma
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Stellaris: Humanoids Species Pack
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Cities: Skylines - Green Cities
  • Victoria 2
  • Crusader Kings II: Reapers Due
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Crusader Kings II: Monks and Mystics
  • Steel Division: Normandy 44
  • Cities: Skylines - Mass Transit
  • Europa Universalis IV: Mandate of Heaven
  • Surviving Mars
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife Pre-Order
  • Battle for Bosporus
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Stellaris: Distant Stars
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Age of Wonders: Planetfall Deluxe edition
  • Surviving Mars: First Colony Edition
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Age of Wonders: Planetfall Season pass
  • Stellaris: Apocalypse
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Crusader Kings II: Holy Fury
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Europa Universalis III Complete
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Semper Fi
Rome wasn’t a slave economy before the Punic wars after that the lufthansas (IDK how to spell it) were mostly maned by slaves from Gaul or hispania the whole point of the graci reform was to brake up the partricians lands and return them to the common soldier as this was pre marin reform and men had to pay for there equipment
 

Holmes

Captain
22 Badges
Dec 15, 2003
346
3
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: No Step Back
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Imperator: Rome - Magna Graecia
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris - Path to Destruction bundle
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Stellaris: Digital Anniversary Edition
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Pillars of Eternity
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
Did you read/own the book mentionned ?

The book excerpt from 1870 you referenced also says : "The usual amount of the tax was one for every thousand of a man's fortune" and "When this tax was to be paid, what sum was to be raised, and what portion of every thousand asses of the census, were matters upon which the senate alone had to decide".

In short, it is a direct taxation based on the fortune of the citizens according to the census.[/QUOTE]

I referenced the text because it demonstrates your post content to be in error, and this was know hundreds of years ago by people intrested in it.


You are referring here to the tributum(s) after the Augustus reforms, not the tributum under the Republic..

To counter your post claim there was only tributum.

To sum up, you are saying that Nathan Rosenstein, that I am quoting is wrong ?

he is mostly correct.* You are mostly incorrect. Your selective chery picking of quotes is instructive.

Your basic premise, from a polityical viepoint that is not universal, is that the roman economy was not a slave based economy, this contradicts how its taught in most of the world.https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/110504.pdf http://spartacus-educational.com/ROMslaves.htm

https://www.cambridge.org/core/book...nomy/slavery/1F6C1039F0EEA8A82EF8BEA8C413D4A1

Walter Scheidel
Slaves, numbering in the millions and widely dispersed, accounted for a non-trivial share of its total population. In key areas, slaves were not merely present but supported what has been termed a ‘slave mode of production,’ a mode that rested both on an integrated system of enslavement, slave trade, and slave employment in production, and on “the systematic subjection of slaves to the control of their masters in the process of production and reproduction.” Most importantly, Rome counts as a slave society in terms of the structural location of slavery: dominant groups, once again above all at the core, relied to a significant degree on slave labor to generate surplus and maintain their position of dominance. Since the role of slavery in central productive processes turned Rome into a ‘slave economy,’ just as the widespread domination of slaves as a primary social relationship made it a ‘slave society,’ these two terms may be used interchangeably, especially in those strata where slaves and ex-slaves continuously enveloped owners and patrons and mediated their interaction with the freeborn population. In short, Rome was a ‘slave society’ to the extent that without slavery it would have looked profoundly different.

No, Roman citizens no longer paid direct taxes after 167 BC, not Italians. This is an important distinction as the Socii/allied cities were still subjected to a stipendium.
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/29509/MA THESIS final v Lina Girdvainyte 1254707.pdf?sequence=1 Page 24
Italians were Roman citizens, and exempt.

Endless misquotes because you barley know the subject matter is not going to work here either.

So you tried this on https://www.reddit.com/r/paradoxplaza/comments/8wi19m/rome_was_not_a_slaveeconomy/ and by and large got told your wrong historicly and inpretation of game design, so you came here to post the same thing. How sad.

*Wealth is not a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership

Possibly, but it is a better predictor than poverty. The poor lacking the wealth to aquire human property as o[posed to those with that wealth able to do so. We know the wealthy owned slaves and were taxed for the sacred treasury at 5% for manumission of slaves, and this vast wealth was used from time to time, from it we can adduce the rate of manumsion, so from a tax on manumision of an asset freed from bondage, and thus the loss of the economic output to the owner,we can see the game models social mobility, we know the poor could not afford to loose such and economic asset, because if they had it they would not be poor in the first place.

Also we have a primary sourc e, Athenaeus telling us that slave ownership was to demonstrate your wealth.Slavery was the most common formal, legally enforceable long-term labor contract in the early Roman Empire. A person with a long-term relation to a principal would be his or her most responsible agent, and slaves were at least as valuable as free men for commercial agents, shown by the frequent references to slave agents in the surviving sources (A. Watson, 1987, p. 7; Lintott, 2002).

So from that you think the subdivision into 4 pop groups means all economies operate as a slave economy, instead of it being divided into workers/warriors+workers/warriors/thinker=commerce with state income being generated in 3 of those sub sets of population.

What i think is that there is a mechanic for all economies, in which currently all population is divided into 4 classes, with a mechnism for upward and downward social mobility in that economic system, and natural increase to one pop class to grow at a time and a further mechanism where conquered peoples, captives through warfare, come in at the bottom level of classes, going to the to Capital and provincial capitals. In addition, cities that are taking into your control, the top two classes drop down a level. Further its entirly moddable to have more pop classes. We are told you can have upward social mobility from one class to another, by state action to achieve a change in outputs of pop classes, and downward mobility of other cultures that are incorporated into your culture.

Each class of pop provides different outputs, commerce,research/manpower/manpower,tax/tax.

Lowest class is the slave class, but is that all it represents?, is it not also the lowest level of society in any of the cultures being represented?, if it is only slaves their economic output is for the benifit of the owner, and represeted at state level as income for the state, the relative rate of state income is not provided by the 3 pop base units that generate income, so your entire rant has no merit.
 
Last edited:

Linred

First Lieutenant
45 Badges
Jun 23, 2012
285
186
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Europa Universalis IV: Cossacks
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Cities: Skylines Deluxe Edition
  • Rome: Vae Victis
  • Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness
  • Victoria 2: A House Divided
  • Semper Fi
  • Rome Gold
  • Victoria: Revolutions
  • Europa Universalis IV: Res Publica
  • Hearts of Iron III Collection
  • Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour
  • Hearts of Iron III
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Ancient Space
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • For the Motherland
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
  • Europa Universalis IV: Conquest of Paradise
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris Sign-up
  • Hearts of Iron IV Sign-up
  • Crusader Kings III: Royal Edition
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Victoria 2
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • March of the Eagles
I referenced the text because it demonstrates your post content to be in error, and this was know hundreds of years ago by people intrested in it.

Your initial statement was "No direct taxation of an individual before Augustas, thats introduced by him."
I refuted this statement by pointing out that under the republic and before Augustus reform, the tributum existed as a direct taxation method.
You then linked a 1870 text confirming that the tributum was a direct taxation scaled on wealth under the Republic.


To counter your post claim there was only tributum.

The discussed periods here are the Republic and Early Empire (at best). Augustus tax reforms are out of the scope of the game & discussion.

And I am not sure I understand the sentence and strawman here.


Italians were Roman citizens, and exempt.

Italian cities only got Roman citizenship en masse after the Social Wars (91–88 BC) and thus after the abolition of the tributum in 167 BC.


Your basic premise, from a polityical viepoint that is not universal, is that the roman economy was not a slave based economy, this contradicts how its taught in most of the world

A quote at the start of the chapter of Scheidel you linked:

"Throughout the centuries that have produced the most evidence, from the late Republic to late antiquity, slavery is amply documented. This documentation primarily conveys the impression that slavery was important and ubiquitous without enabling us to quantify its scale and contribution: it is much easier to establish the presence of slaves in the record or to encounter sentiments that consider their presence common than to measure their numbers, origins, and spatial and occupational distribution. For this reason, any modern assessments of the overall importance of Roman slavery are bound to remain uncomfortably vague."

Ancient Rome economy was agrarian. In an ancient agrarian society the majority of the surplus wealth extraction comes from agriculture and its associated activities where the majority of the workers were not slaves as seen from archeological evidence. (Rathbone, D. W. “The Development of Agriculture in the 'Ager Cosanus' during the Roman Republic: Problems of Evidence and Interpretation.” The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 71, 1981, pp. 10–23.)

The only primary sources statistics of slaves numbers we have are from Egypt in the 1st century CE and they account for 15% of urban resident and 8% of rural residents.

Slavery was predominently an urban phenomenon (Scheidel, W. (2012). Slavery. In W. Scheidel (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy(Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World, pp. 89-113). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.92) and cities were centers of consumption, not production.

There is difference between a "slave based economy" where slaves played a central role in creating the bulk of a society's economic value and slaves societies where slaves are employed in various positions in a society but where "most production and consumption were contained within households, most economic activities continued to be performed by free or semi-autonomous workers" (Scheidel, W. (2012). Slavery. In W. Scheidel (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy(Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World, pp. 89-113). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.107)

This chapter by Scheider basically stresses out the neglected study of slavery in the roman economy in the historiographic ebb and flow by pointing out how it would have been a source of capital investement and development by the elite.


he is mostly correct.* You are mostly incorrect. Your selective chery picking of quotes is instructive.

How would he be mostly correct and I would be mostly incorrect when I am simply quoting him on this ?

His argument is that the various sources of wealth from the roman elites and the widespread of slavery-ownerhsip in middle-classes of the society do not make wealth a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership.

Thus the game rationale being that slaves give you the majority of the state's taxes (because their owners would actually be the one to pay them) is false.

Wealth is not a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership

Possibly, but it is a better predictor than poverty. The poor lacking the wealth to aquire human property as o[posed to those with that wealth able to do so. We know the wealthy owned slaves and were taxed for the sacred treasury at 5% for manumission of slaves, and this vast wealth was used from time to time, from it we can adduce the rate of manumsion, so from a tax on manumision of an asset freed from bondage, and thus the loss of the economic output to the owner,we can see the game models social mobility, we know the poor could not afford to loose such and economic asset, because if they had it they would not be poor in the first place.

Also we have a primary sourc e, Athenaeus telling us that slave ownership was to demonstrate your wealth.Slavery was the most common formal, legally enforceable long-term labor contract in the early Roman Empire. A person with a long-term relation to a principal would be his or her most responsible agent, and slaves were at least as valuable as free men for commercial agents, shown by the frequent references to slave agents in the surviving sources (A. Watson, 1987, p. 7; Lintott, 2002).

So from that you think the subdivision into 4 pop groups means all economies operate as a slave economy, instead of it being divided into workers/warriors+workers/warriors/thinker=commerce with state income being generated in 3 of those sub sets of population.

What i think is that there is a mechanic for all economies, in which currently all population is divided into 4 classes, with a mechnism for upward and downward social mobility in that economic system, and natural increase to one pop class to grow at a time and a further mechanism where conquered peoples, captives through warfare, come in at the bottom level of classes, going to the to Capital and provincial capitals. In addition, cities that are taking into your control, the top two classes drop down a level. Further its entirly moddable to have more pop classes. We are told you can have upward social mobility from one class to another, by state action to achieve a change in outputs of pop classes, and downward mobility of other cultures that are incorporated into your culture.

Each class of pop provides different outputs, commerce,research/manpower/manpower,tax/tax.

Lowest class is the slave class, but is that all it represents?, is it not also the lowest level of society in any of the cultures being represented?, if it is only slaves their economic output is for the benifit of the owner, and represeted at state level as income for the state, the relative rate of state income is not provided by the 3 pop base units that generate income, so your entire rant has no merit.

I have trouble understanding what you are saying due to grammatical and spelling mistakes and how it would refute the idea that wealth is not a good predictor of the extent of slave-ownership.
 

ray243

Colonel
34 Badges
Oct 19, 2010
898
1.460
  • Crusader Kings II: Charlemagne
  • Stellaris
  • Crusader Kings II: Sword of Islam
  • Crusader Kings II: Sons of Abraham
  • Crusader Kings II: The Republic
  • Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods
  • Crusader Kings II: Legacy of Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: Rajas of India
  • Crusader Kings II
  • Hearts of Iron IV: La Resistance
  • Cities: Skylines - Campus
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Crusader Kings II: Holy Fury
  • Cities: Skylines Industries
  • Cities: Skylines - Parklife
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Crusader Kings II: Jade Dragon
  • Cities: Skylines - Green Cities
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Cities: Skylines - Mass Transit
  • Crusader Kings II: Monks and Mystics
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Crusader Kings II: Reapers Due
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Cities: Skylines - Snowfall
  • Crusader Kings II: Conclave
  • Cities: Skylines - After Dark
  • Crusader Kings II: Horse Lords
  • Crusader Kings II: Way of Life
  • Europa Universalis IV: Pre-order
  • 500k Club
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Cities: Skylines
Direct taxation in the republic/early empire is on a % of wealth.



In an ancient agrarian society the majority of the surplus wealth extraction comes from agriculture and its associated activities where the majority of the workers are not slaves. (Landlords and Tenants in Imperial Rome. Pp.251. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980). It is not an extractive economy based off slaves.

You could make a case of urban labor market being more responsive to labor offer fluctuation, but the main urban market differenciation for labor is skill (literacy etcc) and an increased supply of slave numbers would not be directly correlated with urban wages as most urban jobs would require skills (cf Cato "business school" of educating slaves for jobs) and cities were not industrial centers creating extractive wealth but platforms of demand that the countryside/hinterland would satisfy through its surplus.

This. The problem I find frustrating is that the slave-driven economy argument has become a major part of Roman "pop" History, which is in turn influenced by the American chattel slavery system. People have neglected comparison with other agrarian empires, which shows that while slaves played some role in their economic system, those economies were not driven by slavery.

If ancient Persia, China, India and etc can all generate a decent wealth without heavy reliance on slavery, I see no reason to believe the Roman empire is that different from other historical empires.
 

Holmes

Captain
22 Badges
Dec 15, 2003
346
3
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: No Step Back
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Imperator: Rome - Magna Graecia
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris - Path to Destruction bundle
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Stellaris: Digital Anniversary Edition
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Pillars of Eternity
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
AFAIK, population estimates for Roman, Achaemenid, Maruyan and Han empires are in the same ballpark of about 50-60 million inhabitants.

Han China, chattel slave population was around 1%, Rome 225 Blunt Roman Manpower puts it a third of the population by end of the Republic, so call it 30%. Whats was the relative value of a slave,?, well when they cost 1000 on average, the average Roman had an income of 500. What effect, economocly speaking, does this extra 30% have?, well 40% of the mines with there short, short lifespan were slaves, making citizens live longer on average as fewer die earlier, since slaves are cheap and free by product of war, you can work them longer and harder than free citizens. 30% increase to nations workforce, is a massive economic ouput increase, even aftrer allowing 25% of it as females doing non economic output activity.
 

Holmes

Captain
22 Badges
Dec 15, 2003
346
3
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Together for Victory
  • Hearts of Iron IV: No Step Back
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Imperator: Rome - Magna Graecia
  • Stellaris: Federations
  • Imperator: Rome
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rule Britannia
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
  • Stellaris: Synthetic Dawn
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor
  • Stellaris - Path to Destruction bundle
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Stellaris: Leviathans Story Pack
  • Stellaris: Digital Anniversary Edition
  • Europa Universalis IV: Rights of Man
  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
  • Stellaris
  • Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense
  • Pillars of Eternity
  • Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado
  • Europa Universalis IV: Wealth of Nations
  • Europa Universalis IV: Art of War
People have neglected comparison with other agrarian empires, which shows that while slaves played some role in their economic system, those economies were not driven by slavery.

If ancient Persia, China, India and etc can all generate a decent wealth without heavy reliance on slavery, I see no reason to believe the Roman empire is that different from other historical empires.

Is that because you cannot count?, not one of those had chattel slavery on the scale of the Greeks and Romans, 150,000 slaves from one campaign in 167. Or because you did not read the links provided?

https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/050704.pdf
by the end of the Republican period, about one-third of the Italian population consisted of slaves
 
Status
Not open for further replies.