News of the gun battle between members of the Spanish Guardia Civil's UVP and German embassy troops in Madrid sent shockwaves through Europe. Reactions varied from stunned disbelief in many of the neutral nations to outright furious anger in Germany. Within minutes of the news of Ambassador Dieckhoff's "attempted assassination" having reached Berlin, Reichsminister Joseph Goebbels took to the radio and, in an address to the German people, viciously denounced the "criminal" actions of the Spanish government.
Reichsminister Goebbels
While many in Germany- and indeed the world- expected the speech to culminate in a declaration of war against Spain, this was not to be the case. Instead, Goebbels called for a formal apology from the Spanish government and insisted that, as Madrid was no longer safe for them, that all members of the embassy staff be guaranteed safe passage from the city back to the Reich. Further, taking the position that the attack on the Ambassador was akin to an attack on the Reich itself, Goebbels demanded that Spain hand over the men who had fired on the Ambassador's party for trial in Germany. War was only mentioned as a possibility in the event that these conditions were not immediately met by the Spanish government.
As can be expected, the conditions for German forbearance were, as a whole, unacceptable to Spain. In a letter to Reichsminister Ribbentrop, Spanish Prime Minister Juan Negrin Lopez wrote:
Rest assured that the Spanish people and their government are deeply apologetic in regards to the unfortunate incident that occurred on the night of July 5. However, we are afraid that we simply cannot accede to all of the demands that your nation has brought to us. While we find your first two requests to be more than reasonable, we cannot nor will we ever agree to hand over any Spanish citizen to your custody. Any future talks between our respective governments will have to omit such an outrageous demand. That being said, I do stress the fact that myself, the Spanish government, and the people it represents are committed to finding a peaceful resolution to our present troubles. I look forward to your response and further communications.
Spanish Prime Minister Juan Negrin Lopez
Though the Spanish government was publicly making a plea for peace, behind closed doors it was planning for a war. Orders were being issued to raise reserve units and troops were being redeployed north to the border with occupied France and the former Spanish province of La Coruna. While many government ministers simply considered this a wise precaution, there were those among the government who were eager to see war with Germany. The fact that German forces had been occupying a Spanish province for nearly four years now grated on many Spaniards and they welcomed a chance to win it back. A small minority in the Spanish government went so far as to demand that peace talks cease and war be declared immediately. After all, had they not defeated Germany once before?
Cooler heads, however, were running the show in Madrid and attempts to appease the Germans went ahead. On July 12, a full week after the incident had taken place, Spanish authorities allowed the staff of the German embassy to leave Madrid. They flew from the capital to the Reich Protectorate of Galicia where it was confirmed that all members of the staff and it's security force were present and unharmed saved for those wounded in the attack. Those who were uninjured were put on a plane for Paris and would eventually fly on back to Germany from there.
The granting of safe passage to the embassy personal was made in conjunction with a formal apology from the Spanish government, fulfilling Spain's promise to agree to the first two demands levied against them by Germany. By this time, however, the decision had already been made to declare war in Berlin. In fact, it is highly likely that the decision to go to war had been made the very instant that news of the incident had reached Germany. The only problem at that point had been that Germany was in no position to wage a war in Spain on July 5. Other than the 30,000 men in the Reich Protectorate of Galicia and the 20,000 along the Franco- Spanish border, Germany had no other troops available in the area. The Wehrmacht as a whole was, in fact, simply too thinly stretched throughout Europe to be able to mount an effective invasion anywhere, though this was, of course, a little known fact outside of the Reich. Both the Heer and the Luftwaffe were mainly deployed east save for the troops and aircraft that were defending the French coast and had to be transported back west. It could be argued that Germany's apparent interest in a peaceful solution with Spain was nothing more than a ploy to buy time for these troops to be redeployed.
German troops moving toward the Spanish border
While German diplomats continued to argue with their Spanish counterparts about how the "criminals" who had attacked Ambassador Dieckhoff would be punished, Germans soldiers poured into southern France by the tens of thousands. They quietly slipped into jumping off positions along the border while thousands of bombers readied themselves from airfields behind the lines. As the month of July neared it's end, the OKW decided that all was ready. On the morning of July 22, German troops crossed the border into Spain while bombers blackened the skies overhead. The invasion of Spain- what the Germans were calling Unternehmen Rache- was underway.