We cant measure who was ahead of whom meta physically.
We can however look at what who achieved what. And in EU4 period Europeans were the main drives of most important world changing events.
You may argue that Ming could have initiated exploration/colonization instead of Europeans, but the ultimate argument is that they didnt. Europeans did. You could spend countless hours arguing for technological and cultural achievements of say Indians during that time period, but in end the technology is abstracted according to who achieved what. And Europeans simply rose up to dominate the world. Some people might not like it, and thats understandable, but it is what it is.
The thing is that EU4 is not a History simulator. It allows for alt-history to take place. So while we can argue that historical powers should be powerful in EU4, a-historical things must also be able to take place. Anyway, though it is Europa Universalis, we are now at a stage were the entire world is covered in nearly the same amount of detail.
Also you can argue that if certain deaths or births did not happen, then the world would be much different to how we know it today. Just one example, what if the Rajputs had defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Khanwa and then marched on Delhi?
India could have been united and the British would have never conquered it, resulting in no industrial revolution.
Such scenarios are certainly possible, and EU4 allows for this.
But you are right in saying that westernisation should be replaced by modernisation. Westernisation implies, changing culture and traditions to adapt to the Western cultures. However, if China, say is ahead in tech then other countries should modernise to be on level with them .
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