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Weltschmerz

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Hopefully someone can give me a comprehensive overview. I read the game guide and have several hours of in-game experience, but I am still untutored myself in the art of grooming heirs. The following is a brief inventory of my incomplete knowledge. Essentially, all characters have a set of baseline stats. These baseline stats are then modified by the respective traits of each character. Guardians share their baseline with the children they rear (numerically speaking, how much?). Non-inheritable traits are selected by either player or non-player guardian primarily through decisions via events (they are not properly inherited?). Lastly, a child's guardian gives a similar education value as that of the guardian? Please correct, elaborate, or discuss some or all of my assumptions.
 

unmerged(589171)

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It's actually a lot simpler than this.

Guardians will 'pass on' their Education trait (+-1 level), and can determine through events the child's Traits. A Guardian with a given Trait will be more likely to educate that Trait.
Parents have a chance to pass on Congenital traits (e.g. Strong, Quick).
Baseline stats are lame and can be safely ignored.
 

Battle bunny

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Actually, the education trait can be completely random in my experience, though with a small chance. I'm fairly sure I've gotten Misguided Warrior from a guardian with Midas Touched, which was followed by a lengthy period of swearing, of course. Only the guardian who is the child's ward in the 15th year and 364th day counts, however.

The child's baseline stats will be developed towards the level and ratio of the guardian's baseline stats, though I don't know the exact calculation.

Other traits - the genetic traits cannot be acquired, except for a stupid event which can make a character Stutter and which really doesn't fit in with the concept of genetic traits. Non-genetic traits are indeed chosen by the guardian, which, if it is not you, will likely be chosen with the guardian's traits in mind. A cruel guardian will most likely let the child torture rats, for example.
 

Sopot

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A cruel guardian will most likely let the child torture rats, for example.
Just to follow up on that, any time the guardian is given a choice of what action to take from guardian events, it will be done based on thier traits, as you said, a cruel guardian will allow the child to be cruel, they will also be more inclined to beat the child rather than chose a nicer option. Guardians who are zealous will often chose the prayer option in events too, which is usually terrible.

So, if you cannot or do not want to raise a child yourself, make sure that the guardian has good virtues, dilligent, patient and temperate are the ones I look for as guardians with these will probably pick the better options.

Also, culture and religeon is important. Guardians will tutor the child with the guardians culture/religeon so if you chose someone who is different culture/religeon, thier ward may change thiers to be inline with the tutor. Guardians with gregarious/dilligent traits increase the chance of culture/religeon switch.
 

Mutineer

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Base line stats are of primary impotance. Your child will increase his base line stats proportionally base line stats of educator. My main criteria of choising educator is to have him Max primary stat of my choising (typically diplomacy or economic one) + Max SUM(ALL stats).

After that I select by minimum amount negative traits I want, but that in my eyes are of secondary impotance, exept few. This way My kings have +20 dimpomacy and good other stats with out having genius/quick characters, which are genetics.