Yes, shields, armor and evasiveness will affect the outcome depending on the weapons.
I was actually referring to Arumba's complaint in his LP that his ships weren't focus firing on one specific ship, and were instead spreading out their fire to damage all the ships in the enemy fleet roughly equally. However, I also noticed that one of the enemy fleets he was fighting
did appear to be focus firing the top ship in his fleet list, before moving on to damage the next when the first was destroyed. That enemy fleet was armed with lasers, while Arumba is using missiles, so I was wondering if being able to focus fire on a single enemy ship with all the ships in your fleet is a specific property of laser type weapons. If true, this could mean that lasers are superior to other weapon types, as they'd be able to destroy enemy ships faster, reducing the opposing fleet's offensive capabilities at a greater rate.

I believe this is something similar that most 4X games have, where you can get some resources back by disbanding a unit. That you could do this anywhere in your territory never made much sense to me, but if you need to bring it to a shipyard for salvage first, or sent a constructor to salvage the parts...
Hey, what if when your own ships are destroyed, they'd create debris that you could send a constructor to in order to salvage the remains for resourses, and deny the debris to the enemy?