Portugal's colonisation frenzy: an overlooked, persistent issue

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Jujus Potacke

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Dec 19, 2017
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First of; I agree not everything has to be railroaded just so the map can be painted "historically".
It is only fair that, by chance and by whatever the AI thinks is best for them, we get to sometimes see strange borders and... colourful... maps.

But on the other hand, we have seen EU4 offer more and more tools for various nations to replay history (by way of the mission trees), which is fine.
Except sometimes they can't, not because they don't try and follow one specific path, or try and fail to do so, but because the game does not account for them to try at all.

Such is the case with Castile VS Portugal.
The issue I see is two-fold.​

1. Inconsistency with the game "rules"
AI Castile will always push for the colonisation of the Americas, in accordance to its mission tree and national ideas. The game set this rule.
But, BY DESIGN, Portugal will ALWAYS beat Castile to a "race for the Caribbeans". And the AI will take advantage of this by pushing it further. After Portuguese Caribbeans come Portuguese Mexico, then Portuguese Colombia, Portuguese Louisiana, Portuguese California, Portuguese Alaska. And Castile? Off to Brazil, Tordesillas prevents it from going North until it has enough range to paint the Northeastern coast.
But who, according to the mission trees, is supposed to own Mexico and Colombia? Castile. Who is not supposed to own them, but to go to the opposite direction to India? Portugal.

What's the point of mission trees if the AI doesn't do anything to follow their own and does everything to neutralise the trees of others?

2. Implausibility
So now comes the chain reaction.
Because Portugal left nowhere for the later colonisers to settle, we've got the English jumping on West Africa and conquering Mali, the French conquering any mesoamerican empire Portugal did not dare declare war on (I've often seen French Peru), and Spain (with its crazy fast colonisation rate) getting everything else from Brazil to South Africa to Australia (by the early 1600's usually).

It also results in an implausible scenario where half of America speaks portuguese, even though:
A. Portugal should not have the means of settling all of America and beyond. We know Portugal at the height of its empire did not have the manpower to secure all of it, let alone populate it.
B. Portugal was (long before 1444) set to circumnavigate Africa and focus on the East, not the West. Abandoning that enterprise at that point would have been a huge waste of resources.

In conclusion
I don't mind a country doing whacky stuff and neutering another nation's mission tree. I don't really mind Portuguese Cuba and Spanish Canada. Occasionaly.
But I do mind it happening every single time. Especially since that kind of behaviour on the AI's part highlights how the lack of limitations to the colonisation process can lead to absurd situations, both in terms of gameplay and historical plausibility (which I believe to be the basis of EU4).

Just teach Portugal how to read its mission tree already!

Sidenote

I believe the roots of the issue lie in the limits of the current colonisation mechanic that should be reworked, I think by:
1) Differentiating CLAIMING colonial land and actually SETTLING them; land needs to be claimed in order to get properly colonised, settling takes a fair bit longer.
2) Setting a limit on how much a nation can claim, depending on its development, army/navy size, national ideas/idea groups, buildings...
3) Drastically slowing down the progress of the colonists. The settling process could possibly take development from the motherland.
4) Differentiating settlement colonies and exploitation colonies; the first one aims to attract people from the motherland to populate the colonies, the second one aims to extract as much wealth from it, usually not by settling but by exploiting an unwilling workforce.
5) Also, probably making exploration more difficult so that not every tile is known by the 1600's. Although I have no idea how to go about it.​
 
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The exploration and colonial game needs to be totally reworked. Ground up.

Sounds like an EU5 project.
 
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You should try out the "Beyond the Cape" mod, it tries to fix the issues you're describing. But I agree with you, the devs should really nerf Portugal. We shouldn't have to resort to using a mod just to have a realistic game without seeing the dumb "Portuguese Australia" or "Pacifico Norte" every single game. The thing that speeds up colonisation the most is probably the fact that colonial nations always pick expansion ideas, which means that they have 2 colonists on their own (3 if they're a self-governing colony), which drastically speeds up the colonisation process.
 
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Colonisation is to fast. Stacking boni is easy with estates, policies, NI and Age bonus (just for Portugal). In addition conquering the abundant native lands and having colonial nations colonise for you.

But honestly waiting for colonies to finish is extremely boring and annoying. It's sending a colonist and maybe 1k troops to stop natives and then wait for ~ 5-10 years.

I have no idea how to solve that problem as just turning down the speed is going to emphasise the boring and annoying part.

Maybe reduce the colonists that colonial nations get and / or change native tags.


Also just want to point out that I have a significantly different experience with colonial nations. I have never seen Portuguese Mexico or Colombia. Also England always gets Canada and East Coast. Louisana and Australia seems to be fluid (English, French, Spanish or Portuguese)
 
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Maybe Tordesillas is the issue? If regions weren't "spoken for" by the first arriving colonizer, we'd presumably end up with 2-4 different CNs per region. If all CNs within a region becomes rivals automatically (unless their mother countries are allied?) we get a free-for-all among colonizers that should give breathing room to the natives. It would also result in less mission tree blocking since multiple nations can secure what they need from a region like the Caribbean.

Also, instead of colonizers being able to join defensive war, allow them to send condottieri to their subject to help out. Apart from the Seven Years' War which kind of escalated from a conflict over the Ohio River valley to a global war due to European politics, colonial conflicts usually were restricted to the New World even if troops were sent from the homeland to help out.
 
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Suggestion could be, Colonial natives can't be "conquered," only displaced. The war claims push them off that land for a set period of time to free up for colonization.

Would probably include that for non colonial nations. So colonies with less than 5 provinces to form a colonial nation. Rather than demand it ceded, you raze it.

Remove expansion idea from subject colonial nations. Instead add a colonist at the end idea tree for their ideas. Or a decision they can take that gives them a colonist when independent, taking it away when subjugated.
 
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Part of the problem stems from each colony (and each country's colonial patterns) being much the same as the last. Although early colonies suffered from sudden and total loss and had pretty brutal death tolls the initial years, small colonies got set up fast. While they may not have themselves provided a good return on financial investment, as staging grounds for trade control and for the prestige of opening markets they had a substantial return we really don't see reflected in-game.

However, the speed of development changes radically between "small speculative outpost" and "large colonial nation." If following a historical trajectory, Portugal should be casting a wide net with small colonies, but have trouble growing proper colonial nations. Spain should be gaining large colonial nations early, but only by capitalizing on conquests of existing comparatively centralized societies. Even England/GB, while it should end the game with a powerful colonial nation gaining independence, should barely be pushing past Appalachia. Instead, EUIV regularizes colonial development, so plopping down the first coastal port takes no more time than, say, establishing Pittsburgh.

I'm not sure how best to fix this. Quite frankly, it probably requires territorial granularity more like Imperator: Rome (yes I'm banging that drum again), where a state-equivalent (a province) contains around a dozen province-equivalents (a territory). Getting a single territory as a colony would go quickly and bring the excitement of new trade goods in the market, but actually fostering control over a whole province, let alone an entire region, would require conquerable states or time and a lot of investment.
 
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I agree with everything that's been said here. Another possible solution that comes to mind is to tone down significantly all the settler increase and settler chance modifiers colonizers get and make your colonization speed scale depending on how much development you have on your homeland. I don't know if something like that is possible with the current game engine though, probably not.
 
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Portugal should be building feitorias anyway. Not going mental on the free real estate.
Cut off they colonization bonus, add option to pay gold for Feitorias that you can build on trade nodes areas. They can be sieges amd conquered.

Quick and dirty idea, other people might have better ones.
 
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You should try out the "Beyond the Cape" mod, it tries to fix the issues you're describing. But I agree with you, the devs should really nerf Portugal. We shouldn't have to resort to using a mod just to have a realistic game without seeing the dumb "Portuguese Australia" or "Pacifico Norte" every single game. The thing that speeds up colonisation the most is probably the fact that colonial nations always pick expansion ideas, which means that they have 2 colonists on their own (3 if they're a self-governing colony), which drastically speeds up the colonisation process.
I was considering it in fact, since I saw it in the mod spotlight recently! But I thought it changed the game a bit much. I feel EU4 is a game that strikes a pretty good balance between complexity and playability as is. When I do mod a game, I can't help but notice the gap in quality/content between the base game and what the mod touches, which bothers me. Have you felt this way while playing Beyond the Cape?
Colonisation is to fast. Stacking boni is easy with estates, policies, NI and Age bonus (just for Portugal). In addition conquering the abundant native lands and having colonial nations colonise for you.

But honestly waiting for colonies to finish is extremely boring and annoying. It's sending a colonist and maybe 1k troops to stop natives and then wait for ~ 5-10 years.

I have no idea how to solve that problem as just turning down the speed is going to emphasise the boring and annoying part.

Maybe reduce the colonists that colonial nations get and / or change native tags.


Also just want to point out that I have a significantly different experience with colonial nations. I have never seen Portuguese Mexico or Colombia. Also England always gets Canada and East Coast. Louisana and Australia seems to be fluid (English, French, Spanish or Portuguese)
Yeah the colonisation mechanics really feel like they're outdated.
About the AI colonies, I certainly did take an extreme example, but I saw this happen more than once. I'm surprised you never saw Portuguese Mexico, since for me it usually starts very naturally when Portugal runs out of space in the Caribbeans and spills over Texas. Also England does get Canada a lot of the times too, but by then Spain (not having taken any of Mexico but instead Brazil/La Plata) goes North to the East Coast, which forces England to go to either Colombia or Africa.
Me neither. In my current game Castile beat Portugal to the Caribbean and Brazil, and Portugal was left with Argentina, Chile and Alaska.
I don't remember a time where that happened, so that's weird. Was Portugal busy getting beaten elsewhere, like in Morocco?
 
Also, instead of colonizers being able to join defensive war, allow them to send condottieri to their subject to help out. Apart from the Seven Years' War which kind of escalated from a conflict over the Ohio River valley to a global war due to European politics, colonial conflicts usually were restricted to the New World even if troops were sent from the homeland to help out.
Remove expansion idea from subject colonial nations. Instead add a colonist at the end idea tree for their ideas. Or a decision they can take that gives them a colonist when independent, taking it away when subjugated.
We do need a slower rate of colonisation for the colonial nations. But I feel simply lowering the settler chance/monthly wouldn't cut it. Obviously the current colonisation mechanic aims to represent both the settling process and the claims nations would make. But they need to be differentiated and I think adding a colonial mechanic akin to the tribal land thing would be the way to go, allowing a nation to "own" empty land. Of course claimed but unsettled land could get contested by rival powers, potentially sparking conflict.
I like the idea of a greater autonomy for CNs. That way they would deal with "petty" matters on their own and draw in the motherland only when things get out of hand. This possibility would unlock a whole deeper level of interaction with the overlord as well as make CNs enjoyable to play (if the devs would let us play them!)
I agree with everything that's been said here. Another possible solution that comes to mind is to tone down significantly all the settler increase and settler chance modifiers colonizers get and make your colonization speed scale depending on how much development you have on your homeland. I don't know if something like that is possible with the current game engine though, probably not.
Wouldn't that leave very little room for "underdog" nations to colonise though? Like, I don't want the world to be split between only Spain and Britain.
Making colonies suck development from the homeland, or just putting a hard limit of colonies, might be a simpler way to do it? So major nations are able to colonise more than smaller ones?
 
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This definitely seems like an Eu5 issue since a lot of the problems with the systen lies in how the game handles land ownership, but there some adjustments that could improve the experience a bit:

-Remove the automatic settling that native federations get. It makes the colonization of Eastern America mechanically the same as Mexico, which makes no sense.

-Decrease the settler chance and increase for inland provinces for seperate continent nations. I.E France gets a --30 settler increase for inland provinces but its CN of New France does not recieve that malus.

-Increase settler chance and increase for coastal provinces. The combination of this change and the previous one would make it so establishing a colonial nation and securing the area from other colonizers is relatively easy, (except for Colonial Lousiana, but that area wasn't properly colonized until after 1821) but setting up a big, powerful colony in somewhere like Eastern America or Brazil forces you to rely on the CN.

-Give Self-governing colonies a major settler increase bonus. Leviathan had some pretty interesting ideaa with the CN customization, but crown colonies (likely meant for Peru & Mexico) and self-governing colonies (meant for Brazil, Eastern America, Cascadia, and Argentina) feel pretty identical aside from some minor stat changes and the latter being more annoyingly disloyal. It's logical to make crown colonies the "conquer settled peoples" government and self-governing colonies the "conquer the empty provinces" government.

-Make CNs convert provinces. It makes some sense for much of Mesoamerica and the Andes to remain majority native for a long time (perhaps give crown colonies a few extra accepted cultures?) but they should be almost 100% Catholic by 1700.

-Make colonization befor dip tech 7, even coastal provinces, extremely slow. This is mostly just to stop Caribas owning half the Caribean by 1490.

-Add more colonial nation interactions/customization. Again, Leviathian provides a great idea with awful execution. They really should go wild here. Monarchy crown colonies, massive privateer bonuses for private enterprises, enforce colonial region borders, the sky's the limit.

-Make playing as a CN not release you. It's a weird rule inconsistency that removes a few interesting playstyles for no good reason.

This post got a bit so TL:DR, make coastal colonization easier, make inland or early colonization harder for non CNs, fix Leviathan natives, add more customization abd interaction with CNs.
 
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It really does boil down to colonisation being too fast. Castile get stuck with bad rulers/disasters that hamper their ability to colonise as quickly as Portugal.

Portugal is a difficult country to model though, they should be strong but if you nerf them they're just easy picking should Castile/Spain turn domineering.
 
Portugal should be building feitorias anyway. Not going mental on the free real estate.
Cut off they colonization bonus, add option to pay gold for Feitorias that you can build on trade nodes areas. They can be sieges amd conquered.

Quick and dirty idea, other people might have better ones.
You could make it an acceptance bonus and / or cost reduction for charter trade port. That could lead to them owning the chain of ports to / in India similar to what happened historically.
 
Colonisation is to fast. Stacking boni is easy with estates, policies, NI and Age bonus (just for Portugal). In addition conquering the abundant native lands and having colonial nations colonise for you.

But honestly waiting for colonies to finish is extremely boring and annoying. It's sending a colonist and maybe 1k troops to stop natives and then wait for ~ 5-10 years.

I have no idea how to solve that problem as just turning down the speed is going to emphasise the boring and annoying part.

Maybe reduce the colonists that colonial nations get and / or change native tags.


Also just want to point out that I have a significantly different experience with colonial nations. I have never seen Portuguese Mexico or Colombia. Also England always gets Canada and East Coast. Louisana and Australia seems to be fluid (English, French, Spanish or Portuguese)
That's the solution, speed things up to make it less boring. The historical missions of conquest can be completed in 1/4 of the times for any nation.
 
You could make it an acceptance bonus and / or cost reduction for charter trade port. That could lead to them owning the chain of ports to / in India similar to what happened historically.
Most of West Africa is uncolonized tho. You can't buy there.

Also they mostly built by force/ occupation. Hence why feitorias were usually fortified.
 
Most of West Africa is uncolonized tho. You can't buy there.

Also they mostly built by force/ occupation. Hence why feitorias were usually fortified.
Sure but I don't see a way these small outposts could even be represented since they were often smaller than a province in the game. I believe this mechanic is supposed to emulate the more limited earlier colonization and it would better represent the Portuguese way than the +50 settler increase we currently have.


Though in fairness I have heard than when the mechanic was implemented originally the AI was more likely to accept and that lead to a couple of problems.