In my current game, I am playing as the UK, and I have reached the mid-1850s. I have reached a level of technological development that allows me to colonise provinces with a life rating of 20 or higher. This still excludes all uncolonised provinces in Africa. Yet Portugal has, over a period of about two years, begun to expand from its initial colonies on the Western coast of Africa and expand into the interior of the continent (see screenshot). In my current save, I have switched to Portugal, to take a look at their level of technological development. I have found it to be considerably below that of the UK. So how is it possible for Portugal to expand its colonies in this way?