I have not tried it, but in my opinion you need one planet dedicated to research - getting your research from space is no longer viable imho.
Which means you would need to buy your food on the market, or build starbases with food modules.
Or go machine empire, so you can directly use energy.
Also unity comes almost exclusively from planets: so even if you go Technocracy civic and maybe Police State, so your researchers and enforcers produce unity, you will still be short I think.
Everything else you can in theory buy from the market, but consumer goods and especially alloys don't come cheap, and you would need to be lucky to find enough gases so you would not need to buy them as well (- for your Research Insitute upgrades).
Maybe if you start in a system with multiple planets, so you have one for food and trade (commercial zones) in addition to your starting planet. Or you delay your research long enough to be able to construct habitats to do research in.