This is a extrated from a italian page of Hystory(can base their post on Book in english, like the churchills war, and much other)
Bearing in mind that the presence of foreign individuals in the German armed forces had already existed before the war, it was from 1940 that the Waffen SS decided to include various personnel in their ranks not German and not European. Different formations were created based on ethnic or cultural specificity and at the same time mixed, in which German or European individuals coexisted with individuals of different cultures and ethnicities. It should also be noted that a large part of the members of these formations were volunteers. Often, these choices conformed with the support that Germany gave, in a direct (and indirect) way, to national liberation movements that fought against Western imperialism of the English, French and American type. There are to be noted the relations between the Indian revolutionary and politician, former president of the Indian National Congress (that of Gandhi), Subhas Chandra Bose and the Axis powers in an anti-colonial function, while his attempts to link up with the USSR Stalin did not succeed. Among the best known formations of the multienetic legions of the Waffen we can mention the Indian one, the Indische Freiwilligen Legion der Waffen-SS, the Turkish "Turkistanische Legion" and the "Wolgatatarische Legion", composed entirely of Tatar volunteers of Muslim faith. Armenische Legion Azerbajdzansche, Legion Estnische SS-Legion Freiwilligen, Legion NorwegenGeorgische, Legionlndische Freiwilligen, Legion der Waffen- SSitalienische-Freiwilligen-LegionLettische SS-Freiwilligen Legion, Legionlndische Freiwilligen, Legion der Waffen- SSitalienische-Freiwilligen-Legion known as Viriatos, who will become part of the Spanish "Azul Division" or Blue Division and from these, at least fifty will later enter the ranks of the Waffen-SS. Hitler remembered the heroism of many of his fellow Jews who fought alongside him on the French front during the Great War and who were decorated with the Iron Cross. In spite of the concept of uber and untermenschen the great Mufti made a pounding propaganda (also in an anti-colonial function) so that all Arabs {READ ALL THE COMMENTS} See all 5 comments fragmenti_del ventennio_mean losing the Eastern Mediterranean, and this could have determined the entry into the war of Turkey and Spain alongside the Axis. The Anglo-Iraqi War broke out on May 2, 1941. The British quickly invaded the
carried out first supported and then enlisted in support of the Germans (and here then the "Freies Arabien" divisionen "was born.) But the Mufti did more: he went around all the European Islamic communities (Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Macedonia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan etc.) to form divisions to be framed in the Waffen Ss. Thus were born the "Nazi-Muslims" of Asian as well as Middle Eastern race. The Muslims incorporated as colonial troops in the French army committed hateful crimes in Italy (especially in the Apennines and in Ciociaria) such as mass rape, (incited by the French officers). The Muslim divisions that instead wore the German uniform were distinguished by the ferocity in battle but only towards not of the civilian population (famous remains the episode of that Arab who tried to tear the gold teeth from the mouth of a dead enemy soldier without succeeding. At a precise order from a German officer to plant it, the Arab in German uniform waited for the German officer to go away to decapitate the corpse so that he could take his head with him and extract the gold teeth later calmly. Surprised again by German officers in this macabre practice he was shot because he dishonored the uniform. Beyond the anecdotes, Hitler himself stated: «I trust only Muslims and no one else. True Turkmen are Muslims. The Georgians are not a Turkmen people, but a typically Caucasian people, probably with some infiltration of Nordic blood. Despite all the clarifications from both Rosenberg and the military, I don't trust Armenians very much. I consider Armenian units to be equally treacherous and dangerous. The only trusted ones are the pure Mohammedans ». On 23/5/41, Adolf Hitler issues the Führer's Directive No. 30, in which he states: "The Arab Liberation Movement is our natural ally against England in the Middle East. In this context, the revolt in Iraq takes on a special importance. This reinvigorates the forces hostile to England in the Middle East beyond the Iraqi border, disrupts British lines of communication, and binds British troops and supplies at other theaters' expense. decided to solicit developments in the Middle East by supporting Iraq. The idea behind our propaganda is: the victory of the Axis will free the nations of the Middle East from the British yoke, and give them the right to self-determination. " A few weeks earlier, a coup d'état had taken place in Iraq that had deposed a pro-British and corrupt government; in the war that soon broke out between Iraqi and British rebels, the former found themselves fighting side by side with the Germans. Arab nationalism was born at the end of the 19th century with the aim of gaining independence from foreign control, at the time embodied in the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. It is a nationalism with ecumenical tones, which has as its ultimate goal the union of all Arabs and the creation of a pan-Arab state. In recent years the religious aspect does not seem to be as decisive as in more recent times, even if it remains an important identity factor. This is the case of Haj Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, head of a nationalist organization in Palestine. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War alongside Germany, declaring war on Great Britain and France. The British then tried to favor the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. supplies at the expense of other theaters. That is why I have decided to urge developments in the Middle East by supporting Iraq. The idea behind our propaganda is: the victory of the Axis will free the nations of the Middle East from the British yoke, and give them the right to self-determination. "A few weeks earlier, a coup d'etat took place in Iraq that had deposed a pro-British and corrupt government; in the war that soon broke out between Iraqi and British rebels, the former found themselves fighting side by side with the Germans. Arab nationalism was born at the end of the 19th century with the aim to obtain independence from foreign control, at the time embodied in the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. It is a nationalism with ecumenical tones, which has as its ultimate goal the union of all Arabs and the creation of a pan-Arab state. the religious aspect does not seem to be as decisive as in more recent times, although it remains an important identity factor. This is the case of Haj Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, head of a nationalist organization in Palestine. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War alongside Germany, declaring war on Great Britain and France. The British then tried to favor the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire from within, encouraging the Arab populations that were part of it to revolt against the Turks. To convince the Arab leaders, Britain implies that (once the war was over) it would have favored the creation of an independent Arab state, including Iraq, Syria, Jordan and part of the Arab peninsula. In this context of an unclear alliance between the British and the Arabs, the Welsh Thomas Edward Lawrence stands out, leading a great revolt against the Turks between 1916 and 1918, (Lawrence of Arabia). At the end of the war, the Arabs not only did not obtain independence, but saw the substitution of Turkish domination by that of France and of Great Britain itself. In 1919, the two European powers respectively assumed the mandate (a sort of protection) over Syria and Mesopotamia, becoming the main enemies of the 49 min 3 people like it Reply fragmenti_del_ventennio_ Arab nationalism. In 1932, partly due to pressure from the nationalists, a treaty was stipulated recognizing the formal independence of the Kingdom of Iraq, with the obligation, however, that it enter into a close alliance with Great Britain, in order to protect economic interests. and British strategists. In Syria, on the contrary, the French mandate will be more lasting, surviving the outbreak of the Second World War. Since the early 1930s, the Kingdom of Iraq has only been formally autonomous, but of arabic nationalism. In 1932, partly due to pressure from the nationalists, a treaty was stipulated recognizing the formal independence of the Kingdom of Iraq, with the obligation, however, that it enter into a close alliance with Great Britain, in order to protect economic interests. and British strategists. In Syria, on the contrary, the French mandate will be more lasting, surviving the outbreak of the Second World War. From the early 1930s, the Kingdom of Iraq was only formally autonomous, but in fact subject to British control: the new situation certainly did not satisfy the Arab nationalists. In 1939 a child, Faisal II, became king of the country and the regency was taken over by a true friend of Westerners, Prince 'Abd al-llah. In September of the same year the world plunges into another world war and in Iraq the Arab nationalists take advantage of the international confusion to strengthen themselves. After a disastrous campaign in North Africa against the British, in February 1941 the Italian Army was joined by the famous Afrika Korps commanded by the skilled Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Together, the Italians and the Germans manage to push the enemy back to Egypt, putting London in serious difficulty. For Arab nationalists the situation has never been so favorable to rise up against the pro-British government, and finally redeem the Arab people: on April 1, 1941, a coup d'état leads to the deposition of the regent and the establishment of a defense government led by Rashid Ali al Kaylani, leader of the nationalist wing and former prime minister. The new Iraq immediately found the material and ideological support of fascist Germany and Italy. Even Vichy France, which had retained control over Syria, does not hesitate to recognize the new government; the recognition even comes from the USSR, which has always been interested in expanding its sphere of influence on the Middle East. The British understand that they are surrounded: Egypt, whose control was strategically essential for the presence of the Suez Canal, is squeezed between Rommel to the west, and Iraq and French Syria to the east. Losing Egypt could have been 50 min. means losing the Eastern Mediterranean, and this could have led to Turkey and Spain entering the war alongside the Axis. The Anglo-Iraqi War broke out on May 2, 1941. The British quickly invaded the country without the Iraqis being able to offer effective resistance. A German contingent (about twenty planes) and an Italian contingent (12 planes) also participate in the clashes. which passed through Syria in mid-May and based in Mosul. Axis aid fails to resolve the situation in favor of the Iraqis, and, finding themselves isolated, the contingents are forced to withdraw after only ten days. On May 27, the British march towards Baghdad: the national defense government flees to Persia, while hostilities cease on May 31. On June 2, 1941, Field Marshal Keitel wrote to his Italian counterpart: "The Iraqi government attacked too soon. Aid was not prepared in advance. Germany and Italy were determined to make effective aid available, but this failed. due to too rapid a collapse of the Iraqi will to resist, and difficulties in transporting troops, weapons and supplies. " A pro-British government is re-established in Iraq, and 'Abd al-llah resumes his role as regent. The Mandate passed under the control of Vichy collaborators, and, in the Anglo-Iraqi War, the country served as a base for Axis contingent aircraft. In the meantime, De Gaulle arrived in Cairo in 1941; proposes to the British to take control of Syria and Lebanon, wresting them from the indirect control of the Axis. On 8 June, a party composed of Free France, UK and Australia attacks Syria; this is opposed only by Vichy France, supported, albeit for a short time, by the German air force. Although it is clear from the start that the conflict cannot be resolved positively for Vichy, she fights until July 14. It seems that the strenuous resistance shown by the French collaborators was actually motivated by the hope of improving the position of metropolitan France in the eyes of the Germans in the contemporary
peace between Berlin and Paris, following the 1940 defeat Having taken possession of Syria and Lebanon, in November 1941 the Free France recognized their independence, which was then formalized a couple of years later. The fledgling nations do not hesitate to immediately declare war on Germany. The events end with the defeat of the Arab Liberation Movement and the conclusion of the Axis disturbance actions in the Middle East. Many of the movement's leaders, including former Prime Minister Rashid Ali al Kaylani himself and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, find refuge in Germany. 51 min 4 people like this.
carried out first supported and then enlisted in support of the Germans (and here then the "Freies Arabien" divisionen "was born.) But the Mufti did more: he went around all the European Islamic communities (Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Macedonia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan etc.) to form divisions to be framed in the Waffen Ss. Thus were born the "Nazi-Muslims" of Asian as well as Middle Eastern race. The Muslims incorporated as colonial troops in the French army committed hateful crimes in Italy (especially in the Apennines and in Ciociaria) such as mass rape, (incited by the French officers). The Muslim divisions that instead wore the German uniform were distinguished by the ferocity in battle but only towards not of the civilian population (famous remains the episode of that Arab who tried to tear the gold teeth from the mouth of a dead enemy soldier without succeeding. At a precise order from a German officer to plant it, the Arab in German uniform waited for the German officer to go away to decapitate the corpse so that he could take his head with him and extract the gold teeth later calmly. Surprised again by German officers in this macabre practice he was shot because he dishonored the uniform. Beyond the anecdotes, Hitler himself stated: «I trust only Muslims and no one else. True Turkmen are Muslims. The Georgians are not a Turkmen people, but a typically Caucasian people, probably with some infiltration of Nordic blood. Despite all the clarifications from both Rosenberg and the military, I don't trust Armenians very much. I consider Armenian units to be equally treacherous and dangerous. The only trusted ones are the pure Mohammedans ». On 23/5/41, Adolf Hitler issues the Führer's Directive No. 30, in which he states: "The Arab Liberation Movement is our natural ally against England in the Middle East. In this context, the revolt in Iraq takes on a special importance. This reinvigorates the forces hostile to England in the Middle East beyond the Iraqi border, disrupts British lines of communication, and binds British troops and supplies at other theaters' expense. decided to solicit developments in the Middle East by supporting Iraq. The idea behind our propaganda is: the victory of the Axis will free the nations of the Middle East from the British yoke, and give them the right to self-determination. " A few weeks earlier, a coup d'état had taken place in Iraq that had deposed a pro-British and corrupt government; in the war that soon broke out between Iraqi and British rebels, the former found themselves fighting side by side with the Germans. Arab nationalism was born at the end of the 19th century with the aim of gaining independence from foreign control, at the time embodied in the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. It is a nationalism with ecumenical tones, which has as its ultimate goal the union of all Arabs and the creation of a pan-Arab state. In recent years the religious aspect does not seem to be as decisive as in more recent times, even if it remains an important identity factor. This is the case of Haj Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, head of a nationalist organization in Palestine. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War alongside Germany, declaring war on Great Britain and France. The British then tried to favor the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. supplies at the expense of other theaters. That is why I have decided to urge developments in the Middle East by supporting Iraq. The idea behind our propaganda is: the victory of the Axis will free the nations of the Middle East from the British yoke, and give them the right to self-determination. "A few weeks earlier, a coup d'etat took place in Iraq that had deposed a pro-British and corrupt government; in the war that soon broke out between Iraqi and British rebels, the former found themselves fighting side by side with the Germans. Arab nationalism was born at the end of the 19th century with the aim to obtain independence from foreign control, at the time embodied in the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. It is a nationalism with ecumenical tones, which has as its ultimate goal the union of all Arabs and the creation of a pan-Arab state. the religious aspect does not seem to be as decisive as in more recent times, although it remains an important identity factor. This is the case of Haj Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, head of a nationalist organization in Palestine. In November 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War alongside Germany, declaring war on Great Britain and France. The British then tried to favor the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire from within, encouraging the Arab populations that were part of it to revolt against the Turks. To convince the Arab leaders, Britain implies that (once the war was over) it would have favored the creation of an independent Arab state, including Iraq, Syria, Jordan and part of the Arab peninsula. In this context of an unclear alliance between the British and the Arabs, the Welsh Thomas Edward Lawrence stands out, leading a great revolt against the Turks between 1916 and 1918, (Lawrence of Arabia). At the end of the war, the Arabs not only did not obtain independence, but saw the substitution of Turkish domination by that of France and of Great Britain itself. In 1919, the two European powers respectively assumed the mandate (a sort of protection) over Syria and Mesopotamia, becoming the main enemies of the 49 min 3 people like it Reply fragmenti_del_ventennio_ Arab nationalism. In 1932, partly due to pressure from the nationalists, a treaty was stipulated recognizing the formal independence of the Kingdom of Iraq, with the obligation, however, that it enter into a close alliance with Great Britain, in order to protect economic interests. and British strategists. In Syria, on the contrary, the French mandate will be more lasting, surviving the outbreak of the Second World War. Since the early 1930s, the Kingdom of Iraq has only been formally autonomous, but of arabic nationalism. In 1932, partly due to pressure from the nationalists, a treaty was stipulated recognizing the formal independence of the Kingdom of Iraq, with the obligation, however, that it enter into a close alliance with Great Britain, in order to protect economic interests. and British strategists. In Syria, on the contrary, the French mandate will be more lasting, surviving the outbreak of the Second World War. From the early 1930s, the Kingdom of Iraq was only formally autonomous, but in fact subject to British control: the new situation certainly did not satisfy the Arab nationalists. In 1939 a child, Faisal II, became king of the country and the regency was taken over by a true friend of Westerners, Prince 'Abd al-llah. In September of the same year the world plunges into another world war and in Iraq the Arab nationalists take advantage of the international confusion to strengthen themselves. After a disastrous campaign in North Africa against the British, in February 1941 the Italian Army was joined by the famous Afrika Korps commanded by the skilled Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Together, the Italians and the Germans manage to push the enemy back to Egypt, putting London in serious difficulty. For Arab nationalists the situation has never been so favorable to rise up against the pro-British government, and finally redeem the Arab people: on April 1, 1941, a coup d'état leads to the deposition of the regent and the establishment of a defense government led by Rashid Ali al Kaylani, leader of the nationalist wing and former prime minister. The new Iraq immediately found the material and ideological support of fascist Germany and Italy. Even Vichy France, which had retained control over Syria, does not hesitate to recognize the new government; the recognition even comes from the USSR, which has always been interested in expanding its sphere of influence on the Middle East. The British understand that they are surrounded: Egypt, whose control was strategically essential for the presence of the Suez Canal, is squeezed between Rommel to the west, and Iraq and French Syria to the east. Losing Egypt could have been 50 min. means losing the Eastern Mediterranean, and this could have led to Turkey and Spain entering the war alongside the Axis. The Anglo-Iraqi War broke out on May 2, 1941. The British quickly invaded the country without the Iraqis being able to offer effective resistance. A German contingent (about twenty planes) and an Italian contingent (12 planes) also participate in the clashes. which passed through Syria in mid-May and based in Mosul. Axis aid fails to resolve the situation in favor of the Iraqis, and, finding themselves isolated, the contingents are forced to withdraw after only ten days. On May 27, the British march towards Baghdad: the national defense government flees to Persia, while hostilities cease on May 31. On June 2, 1941, Field Marshal Keitel wrote to his Italian counterpart: "The Iraqi government attacked too soon. Aid was not prepared in advance. Germany and Italy were determined to make effective aid available, but this failed. due to too rapid a collapse of the Iraqi will to resist, and difficulties in transporting troops, weapons and supplies. " A pro-British government is re-established in Iraq, and 'Abd al-llah resumes his role as regent. The Mandate passed under the control of Vichy collaborators, and, in the Anglo-Iraqi War, the country served as a base for Axis contingent aircraft. In the meantime, De Gaulle arrived in Cairo in 1941; proposes to the British to take control of Syria and Lebanon, wresting them from the indirect control of the Axis. On 8 June, a party composed of Free France, UK and Australia attacks Syria; this is opposed only by Vichy France, supported, albeit for a short time, by the German air force. Although it is clear from the start that the conflict cannot be resolved positively for Vichy, she fights until July 14. It seems that the strenuous resistance shown by the French collaborators was actually motivated by the hope of improving the position of metropolitan France in the eyes of the Germans in the contemporary
peace between Berlin and Paris, following the 1940 defeat Having taken possession of Syria and Lebanon, in November 1941 the Free France recognized their independence, which was then formalized a couple of years later. The fledgling nations do not hesitate to immediately declare war on Germany. The events end with the defeat of the Arab Liberation Movement and the conclusion of the Axis disturbance actions in the Middle East. Many of the movement's leaders, including former Prime Minister Rashid Ali al Kaylani himself and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, find refuge in Germany. 51 min 4 people like this.
