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When a unit has 2 offense/1 defense, when does that take an effect? If I initiate the attack, is it 2 the whole time/if I am attacked, is it 1 the whole time. Or, is it 2 - his defense and 1 - his offense?
as far as I understand, offensive shock/fire is the damage value to men
and offensive morale is the damage value to morale
defensive states directly counter offensive ones, so a unit with 2 Of shock would have trouble inflicting casualties on a unit with 3 Df shock for example
therefore, some unit types are better at getting kills and some are better at simply holding their ground
Basically, pips are added and substracted to ten-sided die rolls. If Part A has 2 offensive, 1 defensive pip and Party B has 0 pips, then all the damage rolls that A does to be have 2 added to them, while all damage rolls of B anagainst A have 1 subtracted. The same is with general skills and terrain: those valuaes are added to both your own damage roll and subtracted from the opponent's damage roll.
This is why a six-skills general is so devastating: against an army with no general, your own damage roll goes from 0-9 to 6-15 and your enemy's roll goes from 0-9 to 0-3.
To be clear, offensive/defensive pip have nothing to do with which army attacked, but with the damage rolls of both armies.