I feel historically Japan is the most extreme case of resource shortages.
In game resource shortages happen to every country, not just Japan though. Historically it was very rare for peak production in anything to happen in the late 1800s (whaling stands out). For example the
wiki says that in the USA coal production doubled every decade until 1890.
In the Uk the data on coal production looks more like this (source
https://www.gov.uk/government/stati...-coal-production-availability-and-consumption)
| 1853-1862 | 72 |
| 1863-1872 | 106 |
| 1873-1882 | 140 |
| 1883-1892 | 173 |
| 1893-1902 | 207 |
| 1903-1912 | 258 |
| 1913-1922 | 245 |
| 1923-1932 | 237 |
| 1933-1942 | 225 |
There was a small decline in UK coal production near the end of the game. However in another tab of that spreadsheet you can see that domestic consumption continued to rise until the 1950s (except for a minor dip from the great depression). Production only slowly fell because exports fell more than domestic demand increased. So the problem wasn't that there were no more coal to be mined, or that people in the UK wanted less coal. The problem was that other people started mining their own coal and didn't need to import British coal anymore.
British grain production did decrease during the middle of the time period, but that was due to imports from the USA rather than shortage of land (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression_of_British_Agriculture). In game you don't get enough convoys to do that kind of trade. I'm tempted to mod a large increase to the number of convoys per port (or decrease the number needed) to encourage more trade like that.