Part Twenty-Three
Greece
After capitulation of Yugoslavia, strong Italian formations were assembling in south Albania, preparing to attack our positions. Much weaker German forces arrived in south Yugoslavia. Part of the border was fortified, but we did not have enough time to extend the fortified line along the entire front.
Seven divisions that we had in Greece were not enough to hold off the enemy, therefore we started to retreat to Astakos-Katerini line. It was shorter, and the terrain was of good defensive value.
The plan was to hold the Italians on our left flank, and launch a counterattack against Germans on the right. An amphibious assault was to be made in Albania, and these troops were to link up with the right flank, cutting off and destroying most of the enemy troops in Greece.
Operation plan
Astakos-Katerini line
Constantly harassed by the enemy from ground and the air, our troops reached new defensive line. The left flank was soon under heavy attack by Italian troops but it was holding. Much of Italian troops were armored divisions, which didn’t do well in the mountains of Greece.
Instead of attacking head on against our right flank, Germans turned to east, towards Salonica. We immediately counterattacked, cut their supply lines and destroyed the enemy.
The situation was not so good on left flank, where enemy increased its pressure. Constant air attacks were causing heavy casualties on our side. Almost entire Spanish air force was in Greece, but as it was proven before, it was no match to the Italians. Finally, our defensive line collapsed and enemy tanks poured through the gap. Once again, our forces were in retreat.
Landing
At the same time, on 14th November, Spanish 8th Corps landed on beaches north and south of Tirane, Albania. After a short battle the city was captured. Our beachhead came soon under attack, but the enemy forces were weak and were beaten off.
Capturing the main enemy airfield in the area considerably reduced number of enemy sorties and brought a relief to our troops.
Operations in Greece, 18th October – 16th November 1942
Europe, November 1942
Greece
After capitulation of Yugoslavia, strong Italian formations were assembling in south Albania, preparing to attack our positions. Much weaker German forces arrived in south Yugoslavia. Part of the border was fortified, but we did not have enough time to extend the fortified line along the entire front.
Seven divisions that we had in Greece were not enough to hold off the enemy, therefore we started to retreat to Astakos-Katerini line. It was shorter, and the terrain was of good defensive value.
The plan was to hold the Italians on our left flank, and launch a counterattack against Germans on the right. An amphibious assault was to be made in Albania, and these troops were to link up with the right flank, cutting off and destroying most of the enemy troops in Greece.
Operation plan
Astakos-Katerini line
Constantly harassed by the enemy from ground and the air, our troops reached new defensive line. The left flank was soon under heavy attack by Italian troops but it was holding. Much of Italian troops were armored divisions, which didn’t do well in the mountains of Greece.
Instead of attacking head on against our right flank, Germans turned to east, towards Salonica. We immediately counterattacked, cut their supply lines and destroyed the enemy.
The situation was not so good on left flank, where enemy increased its pressure. Constant air attacks were causing heavy casualties on our side. Almost entire Spanish air force was in Greece, but as it was proven before, it was no match to the Italians. Finally, our defensive line collapsed and enemy tanks poured through the gap. Once again, our forces were in retreat.
Landing
At the same time, on 14th November, Spanish 8th Corps landed on beaches north and south of Tirane, Albania. After a short battle the city was captured. Our beachhead came soon under attack, but the enemy forces were weak and were beaten off.
Capturing the main enemy airfield in the area considerably reduced number of enemy sorties and brought a relief to our troops.
Operations in Greece, 18th October – 16th November 1942
Europe, November 1942