August 1942: Holding positions.
Given the numerous but half-hearted and understrength incursions by British and allied troops early in the war, it took some time for the true seriousness of the landings in Australia to sink in at IGHQ. When reports began to trickle in of enemy troops landing at multiple points around the coast, an urgent strategic re-think took place.
The most recent enemy landing gave a grand total of 4 immediate objectives for the IJA in Australia. American troops at Darwin and their smaller force now in Brisbane had to be eliminated. Austrlian hold-outs on Tasmania should be dealt with in order to pacify the nearby coastal areas of mainland Australia. Finally, the remote city of Perth in western Australia had to be seized in order to force a surrender and finally have an enemy subdued.
In recognition of the number and geographical separation of these objectives (and of General Higashikuni's personal interest) the Australian theatre was allocated another shipment of reinforcements - and more importantly the transport fleet essential for any realistic attack on Perth.
There was, at this point, little call for transport ships in the Pacific. Sullenly the Imperial Marines dug in on Hawaii while constant air patrols hunted for the surviving american ships in the area. Revenge was sweet for the Imperial forces as the last american carrier afloat, USS Ranger, was blown out of the water on the afternoon of 23rd of August. While several functioning american carriers remained, none of them were full-sized fleet carriers. The lighter escort models could not carry sufficient planes to lauch attack waves and maintain CAP and were therefore only of defensive use in combat.
In the Indian ocean, there were no reports of enemy activity. Unfortunately this turned out to be due to a lack of patrols rather than a lack of enemies, as yet another British division landed in southern India. As the Thai army had by that time settled into its garrison role quite well the raid was handled swiftly and smoothly.
There was great benefit felt by the IJA planning staff from this newfound security in the lines of communication. With India defended Terauchi and Hata were freed up and allowed to pursue their natural agressive inclination.
The resulting plan was simple in the extreme.
The main group of the western armies would continue to advance along the coast to Abadan. This would ensure that any remaining enemy units defending Tehran would be obliged to withdraw towards Iraq, giving the weaker cavalry force an open road to the Persian capital and their surrender.
When the infantry were reorganised at Abadan, the way would be open for a two-pronged advance into southern Iraq, aimed at securing the port of Basra and the oilfields of Kuwait on the one hand and the isolation of any slow-moving enemy troops in the north of Iraq on the other.
Meanwhile, the blockade of Gum continues to hold firm:
As August turned into September, the IJA was ready to crush at least one of the Australian landings. All units were ordered to move double-time as aerial reconnaisance reported more enemy reinforcements on the way.
At last the enemy carrier fleet had been completely destroyed. Yet Japan still
was not truly master of the Pacific. Australia and Persia seemed to have been on the verge of surrender for months, yet both campaigns ground onward. All through the summer of 1942 Admiral Yamamoto kept note in his diary of the time left for Japan. He had estimated in his report to the Party on the likely course of a war with america that he could run wild for a year. Maybe two. Already it was almost 'Maybe' time.
Over the next few months it was fully expected that the americans would give a demonstration of just how quickly they could re-build carrier fleets. Watching the first new carrier group since the start of the war undergoing shakedown exercises in the inland sea he could not help but wonder if the Empire would be able to keep up...
Find out next time. (and the next, and the next!)