Ok now, don't panic. This is all really quite simple... sort of...
This is what you see when you're picking your country. That little picture of your country's provinces? Your country's industry, prestige, and military rankings? That's what this is.
Now, how do these seemingly random blurbs of numbers work? Simple: It's either matching up countries and provinces, or just countries.
...ok, I can see that you're confused. Allow me to elaborate: Count the number of numbers in "capital", "total", "prestige", and "military". Now count the number of countries, including open slots for user-created nations. Notice something? There are the same number!
You see, each number in these entries corresponds to a country, starting with the first nation tag in "Victoria\config\world_names.csv" (the undefined MIN) and moving down the list. What are the numbers then? They're provinces - the province that the miniture map centers on in the startup area when you look at a country.
And the long list of provinces? That is, as you may have guessed, every province in the game, as listed in "Victoria\db\provinces.csv" (starting with "No Province", moving to "Central Bering Sea", and continuing down the list). The numbers themselves? The country that the province belongs to, listed by its position in "Victoria\config\world_names.csv", the same number used to determine a nation's capital, prestige rating, etc. above. So if you wanted to have Berlin owned by Germany, for example, the 342nd number after provinces would be 31: Berlin is province 342, and Germany is the 31st country.
So far, so good...
Now, how to edit this mess... There are two ways: You can save the list of countries in notepad, removing everything above "MIN;(Undefined Nation);;;;;;;;(nicht definierte Nation);;X" and referring to its line number to find out what country it is (province ids are their number, so there's no need to change anything there). Then you just go through every single number in the file, changing the number to what you want it to be...
That seems logic, much work though, considering the number of provinces, having to do that for a whole map...
...or you can cheat. If you save the game after loading it, all of this information will be in the saved game's eug, found under "Victoria\scenarios\save games". Just copy & paste it, and there you go. Much easier. ^_^
That's the part I don't get... If I don't specify who owns provinces, capitals etc... how can the game load and how can I copy the information? I mean, the game hasn't got second sight?!