Sounds like we took the same courses!Except the stars radiation output is puny, which is why even at sub mercury orbits the planets are getting less radiation than the Earth does. Yeah, it's more than Uranus, but it's not more than what the Earth is getting. The atmospheric insulation depends a whole lot on the composition of the atmosphere. For example, water clouds have extremely high albedo (at least at visual wavelengths, not sure if that holds true in the IR where this star is putting out most of it's light), which means they reflect much of the incoming radiation back into space. So if you're forming a lot of clouds on the sunlight side, this will drive the effective albedo of the planet up and decrease the incoming radiation flux.
Even then, If you're under continuous bombardment of energy, you're going to heat up, even if it is more slowly. Plus, with the suggestion of clouds, there would likely be winds circling the planet, due to the temperature difference on either side, meaning that cloud cover would not be permanent, unless the entire planet would be enshrouded. Also, as can be seen on planets like Venus, an atmosphere does not necessarily provide an effective method for redistributing incoming radiation, it can frequently just trap it once it passes through the atmosphere (Think greenhouse effect).