The Venetians launched several attacks on Zakynthos and the Ionian islands during the Crusades, until they finally took control in 1209, incorporating the island once more into the Principality of Achaea.
Maio Orsini - Count Palatine of Kefalonia and Zakynthos - was in command of the island\'d5s administration.
One of his first changes was to replace the Greek Orthodox Bishop, Agapios, with a Latin one.
Some twenty years after the islands came into to the possession of Naples, in 1337, they were given over to the control of Leonardo Tocco, Prince of Florence, in gratitude for services to Naples.
In order to ally himself further to Rome, Tocco attempted to impose the Catholic faith onto the inhabitants of Zakynthos, persecuting Greek Orthodox clergy and forcing the people to convert.
They were not reinstated for nearly a century.
With the Turks attacking the island, one of Tocco\'d5s successors, Leonardo II Tocco, perhaps in fear that it might encourage civil war, reinstated the Orthodox priests and ordered them to elect a bishop.
The Turks, under the blood-thirsty Ahmed Pasha, had already sacked Kefalonia and Ithaca, slaughtering or selling into slavery the majority of their inhabitants.
Having made some attempt to build up the defences of Zakynthos, Tocco left the island, selling much of his land to the Venetians before leaving.
Sailing through Ionian waters in 1480, the Venetian Admiral Loredano was granted permission by Pasha to evacuate Zakynthos.
The whole population of the island was moved to safety in the Peloponnese.
In 1485 the Turks agreed to allow Venice to occupy the island - at a price of 500 Ducats per year.
Venice was to recoup their money in later years by demanding that Zakynthians export wheat to the value of 500 Ducats to Venice each year until their 'debt' was repaid.
The Venetians were to rule Zakynthos for nearly three hundred and fifty years.
The island was so under-populated by the time of their arrival, that the Doge of Venice offered tax exemptions, titles and other privileges to Venetians who would relocate to the island.
There were enough people taking up the offer to swell Zante\'d5s population once more.
Venetian culture is deeply embedded in that of the island; in its art, music, fashions, laws, health and education systems and architecture.
Even the alternative name to the island, Zante, was coined by the Venetians.
It was the Venetians who introduced the tomato to the island and, clearing the woodlands, instigated a huge programme of olive tree and vine planting in the Ionian.
Grapes were crucial to the economy of the island.
Under Venetian law, only two crimes carried the death sentence - treason and current smuggling! Vineyards still cover large areas of the island.
Stafides vines grow grapes used for drying and ambelia vines are used for wine production.
The social system of the Venetians and wealthy Zakynthians impoverished the majority of the island\'d5s inhabitants who rose up against the nobility in the Rebellion of the Populari (1628).
This was probably the first popular revolution in Europe and they successfully took control of the island for four years.
Despite the fact that Venice was still able to collect taxes throughout this period, dignitaries were sent across the water to take control once more.
During the seventeenth century a considerable number of Cretian artists took refuge on Zakynthos, as the Turks occupied their native island during the Cretian wars.
The Ionian School of Painting was founded on Zakynthos, out of which came artists such as Kantorinis and Douxaras.
In the eighteenth century, wo national poets, Andreas Kalvos and Dionysios Solomos, were born on the island.
Solomos, who was known as the Poet of the War of Independence wrote the poem, Hymn to Liberty, which was later set to music as the Greek National Anthem.
The song cult of Kantades flourished in the eighteenth century and this Italianate singing, accompanied by Mandolins and string instruments, can still be heard on Zakynthos today.