Mad King James said:
Oh well in that case let's go ask the medieval balkan census department...
Oh wait that's right, it doesn't exist.
Not sure of such a generic department but you would be surprised to see the records of the Ottoman Census Department.
They were keeping detailed records of every household in the empire from the number of people (men and boys only) to the number of sheep, other livestock and the type and amount of crops that was being raised for taxation and Janissary conscription purposes.
Tahrir defters (15th and 16th centuries): There are about 1,500 of these registers covering large areas from Central Europe to Caucasus. These were compiled at intervals varying from 10 to 30 years. They basically contain three kinds of information:
a) the names of settlements, urban and rural, in given province with tax paying population of these settlements, as well as tax-exempt people, in two categories households, and unmaried adult males;
b) the kind and amount of taxes to be collected from agricultural production, estimated on the basis of an average production of the previous three years, and other kinds of economic production, market and custom dues, fines from crimes, and personal taxes imposed on all adult males; and
c) the names of the persons or institutions to which these tax revenues were allocated.
Yes, the sheep were counted, but women were not for very practical purposes.
The only issue was Ottomans distributed their people according to Millets which was defined not by the language, but by their faith:
Moslems (Sunni) - Muslim Turks, Kurds, Albanians, Bosnians, Arabs all fall under this category
Greek Orthodox - Greeks, Bulgars and Serbs go here
Armenian Orthodox - Only Armenians because they had a seperate church
Roman Catholic - Italians, Catholic Greeks and Catholic Albanians
Jews
No Shiite population was recorded, as they were constantly persecuted as heretics.
Also, unfortunately, Vlachs (or Aromanians) fell into different categories according to their religion and thus never recorded as a seperate nation.
Modern nationalism divided the Vlachs in other ways. Once contained entirely within the Ottoman Empire, the various Vlach territories were dismembered along with that Empire through most of the 19th century in order to form or enlarge the modern Balkan nation-states. The Vlachs were by no means passive in this process: When the cession of Thessaly from the Ottoman Empire to Greece was proposed in 1881, a large number of Vlachs joined to petition the Sultan in protest. The document cited their fears of assimilation by the expansive Greek state, as well as the fact that the new border cut right across the main north-south migration route for transhumant Vlach shepheds. But their protests went unheeded. By 1918, the Vlachs were effectively divided among Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, and what was to become Yugoslavia. Mass migrations created diaspora communities in America between 1900 and 1920 and, and in Romania between 1920 and 1940. Vigorous assimilation was the rule everywhere, and after the Second World War, it seemed that the Vlachs' disappearance as an ethnic group was imminent.