Finally. I managed to win a Federation Victory in 2427. A War in Heaven broke out and I became the leader of the non-aligned worlds. It took a while, but I was finally able to whittle down the AFE underlings. I had to turn down at least 6 white peace proposals before the 1st AFE went down. Half the underlings of the 1st AFE join my Federation. 6 more white peace proposals and then the 2nd AFE went down. Half of these underlings join my Federation. I was able to colonize the abandoned worlds of 1 AFE, but the other one was on the other side of the galaxy. At this point, the Fanatic Xenophobe FE decides I have crowded him in too much and declares war. I take all of his planets and then the Unbidden arrive. At this point a few others join. I take out the Unbidden, but not before they basically eat one of my larger rivals. Now it is a race to fill in all the empty space. My Federation allies want to declare war (grabbing a few planets for themselves and giving me the pleasure of humiliating their enemies. I go along and my Fed allies manage to take some vassals. The biggest remaining independent empire asks to join and I accept. Now, I just attack a few stragglers and make them protectorates. Finally, I win. I think the key here is that as the leader of the League of Non-Aligned Powers, I don't have to have a vote to allow federation members. They ask me to join and I can accept them unilaterally. I had most of the empires in my alliance. I think with a normal Federation, there is no way all the other members would have allowed the Federation to grow so large.
TLDR - War in Heaven special Federation rules seems to be the only way to achieve Federation Victory Condition.
TLDR - War in Heaven special Federation rules seems to be the only way to achieve Federation Victory Condition.
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