It seems to appear with a secret weapons technology at the end of the game.
To construct nuclear sub needs achieving the Secret Weapons tech "Screening Ships Nuclear" at which point the unit type SSN-1 Nautilus Class appears.
I don't know what special atributes it has.
Nuclear sub is the longest range and fastest sub unit in the game with biggest convoy attack value but far less visibility than any other class.
But I thought that there was a type of unit with "under-ussage" because there is only one model and it doesn't appear at most of scenarios.
It doesn't appear in any scenario because, AFAIK, the last scenario is 1944. But the secret weapons tech to build SSN-1 is year 1948. However, IRL, USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was commissioned in 1954. So it needs player to play any scenario considerably longer to get to enjoy this special unit.
There is only one model because the end of game lacks development. But actually nuclear subs appear in game ~6 years too early. Many newer classes of nuclear subs quickly followed Nautilus (example the Skate class in 1957) so there is room for the game to have more classes of nuclear subs if the game will be played to 1964.
Will a sub fleet (composed of conventional subs and nuclear subs) attemp to stay at the fire distance of nuclear subs
SSN-1 has identical firing distance to SS-6 (last of the Conventional Subs). But if you mix nuclear subs with other subs you will seriously handicap the nuclear subs by not only restricting their greater range and speed, but also increasing the odds they will be detected. SS-9 (last of the Heavy Subs) has a visibility of 9, and SS-6 visibility is 3 ... but SSN-1 visibility is only 1. You should let the nuclear subs operate alone or in pair with another nuclear sub. They are very hard to detect. But put in a stack, that stack is, of course, much easier to detect.... and then the enemy prefers to target the nuclear sub first.