And, of course, every race in the galaxy is going to be careful and put just as high a priority on safety protocols as we do. Just as we do compared to people from 30 years ago, because they were a completely different species back in the 1980s.
As to random negative events being a bad design choice... not so much, no. It depends on how much they happen more than anything else. No-one likes getting constantly hammered by the Barbary Coast Pirates, but a well-handled event chain beginning with a negative event can be good storytelling.
Oh are we allowed to talk about nuclear power again? Great

: my suggestion is that the first time a nuclear plant breaks down it triggers an event (in addition to the regular nuclear accident event) which gives you a special project which, when completed, also you a policy option (Intrinsic reactor safety requirements) which stops nuclear disasters, but maybe increases the tech cost for nuclear techs.
For the purposes of this I'm assuming that nuclear power-plants can suffer 2 negative events: nuclear meltdown (the plant melts down. The intrinsic safety features work fine, the plant is left unusable) which destroys the building (it needs to be rebuilt from scratch) and the nuclear disaster (think Chernobyl; in addition to some kind of reactor failure, some kind of engineering failure or chemical explosion or something else leads to the dispersion of non-negligible quantities of nuclear material planet-wide. The building is destroyed, and the planet gets the "nuclear disaster" modifier for -5% happiness, -5% growth for some period of time; 5-10 years?). Also maybe a "recent nuclear scare" modifier giving unhappiness to non-materialist pops for 1 year whenever there is a nuclear disaster or meltdown. In case it wasn't obvious, the "intrinsic reactor safety requirement" policy only stops the disasters, not the meltdowns.
Wrt negative events, they are already in the game. They're called critical failures on anomalies and they are exactly as optional as using nuclear power plants. There isn't a problem with having negative events.