Executions & Blinding: Impiety & Cruelty
I'd like to raise a minor mechanics topic that has long irked me, namely the anachronistic imposition of later, Western, morals upon the Greek punishment of blinding. Mutilating alternatives gained over the death penalty in successive Eastern Roman law codes as the law became more Christianized, i.e. they were seen as more merciful, moral, & pious. The theological questionability of shedding blood was handled differently in the Latin West, with its greater emphasis on Augustine's "just war" and more straightforward warrior culture origins; but in the East killing another person remained far more objectionable for far longer. This was generally viewed at the time by the Greeks themselves and by their Muslim & Latin neighbors as a positive cultural attribute.Yes, it is quite true that in some notorious cases (Irene comes to mind) blinding was done quite cruelly, but these actually tend to be exceptions that prove the rule: many of those notable, high-stakes political blindings were done so cruelly precisely because the perpetrator was seeking to get around the moral prohibition on killing by "only" blinding, but in such a manner that the victim might die soon after. (Thus it was not the commission of blinding that caused cruelty, but rather deviousness & cruelty which prompted the decision to blind so harshly.)
So why is it that executions have no penalty for a Greek (or any Christian frankly) if under "justified" circumstances, while blinding always comes with a piety cost and chance of becoming cruel? In short, because the game chooses to view these actions through a later lens of Western/Latin morality instead of as the participants themselves did. It perpetuates the myth, invented by Humanist and Enlightenment thinkers/moralists that the Greek incarnation of the Roman Empire was decadent, depraved, & barbarous, when at the time the consensus was quite the reverse.
I have no interest in starting a moral debate here. We are most of us products of that legacy of Western ethics and, speaking for myself, I am generally glad to be so. My only concern is that this game, which is striving to accurately represent an historical reality, do so to the greatest possible degree, without anachronistic moralizing. To that end I propose that the piety cost of blinding be reduced, the chance of cruel be reduced or eliminated, and that piety and cruelty costs for execution be introduced for Greek culture and possibly all Christians (though this last applies such a broad brush across so many cultural groups I hesitate to suggest it). (see note below)
Again, these proposals do not necessarily represent my morality—I don't think my modern morals should be represented in a game with a non-modern setting, seeing as they did not then exist.
(NOTE: I am well aware that I have been crisscrossing between culture and religion and that these are mechanically distinct in game. It's unfortunately one of those times where game mechanics create a hard separation between what were more often facets of one collective concept/identity. I've been deliberately ambiguous because I leave the ultimate mechanical implementation choices up to the devs. My personal preference is that blinding capability remain attached to the Byzantine culture group, while the cost addition(s) for executions be attached either to that same culture, Orthodox Christianity, or possibly Christianity generally. As for values, I propose the following: Blinding 25 Piety & a 10% chance of becoming Cruel; Execution 50 Piety, a 10% chance of becoming Cruel, & a 50% chance of losing Just. I see these values as being on the conservative side as far as scope of change goes and a good compromise between playability and accuracy.)
(NOTE 2: I have also deliberately avoided bringing up castration because frankly I am less well versed in its history during the time of the Empire and because it falls under the cloud of later condemnation even more heavily than other mutilations. I welcome the input of someone more reliably knowledgeable on the subject.)