Then the T-34-85 cannot be considered a modification of the T-34-76? because the T-34-76 has a ring diameter of 1420 mm and the T-34-85 has 1600 mm.
The sequence T-34-85 - T-44 - T-54 does not make sense. Because the T-44 is a completely different tank and the T-54 is based on it. The T-34-100 was created on the basis of the T-34. The T-44 also had a project to install a 100-mm gun. These projects are not sequential but parallel. Again, the T-44-100 was abandoned because the T-54 was in development and was originally designed for a 100mm gun. The main goal of these parallel projects was the modernization of the tanks that we have to the new standard 100 mm guns.
What this says to me: The T-44 had a bigger gun than the T-34, but was still a medium tank.
With the vanilla tank designer, this is not possible.
There were quite a lot of contemporary soviet designs. The T-43 was probably the most prominent attempt to standardize everything but in the end the already existing production of T-34s (especially the 34/85s success) and KVs meant it didn't materialize.
As far as in-game terms go I would say that the 34/76 is a medium with a 2 man turret and the cannon while a 34/85 is a medium with a 3 man turret and the high-velocity gun.
I wouldn't say that in-game terms the T-34-85 was a high velocity cannon in game terms simply because of the diameter change. Sure in reality it was higher velocity, but high velocity doesn't necessarily mean bigger. The Panther apparently had better penetrating power with its 75mm gun than the Tiger did with its 88mm. Also, using a high-velocity cannon makes the tank worse against infantry when that just wasn't the case. In reality tanks could load HE shells into their guns to deal with infantry, and those HE shells weren't worse just because the cannon was considered "high velocity." Sure they would be worse than a howitzer, but a t-34-85 was certainly not worse against infantry than one with the 76mm. In-game you can either have middling soft and hard attack or a lot of one and barely any of the other.
Upgrading from a 76mm to an 85mm could just a bigger regular gun if we're just talking about how things seem to be modeled in-game. Or, like you said, it could be switching from a regular cannon to a high-velocity cannon. We don't really know, because the way the tank designer works is abstracted so much.
Personally I wish that there were Light, Medium, and Heavy high-velocity cannons to be more representative of different designs, but that's just me.
Another thing that doesn't make sense to me is that the advanced heavy cannon and advanced high velocity cannons have 170 and 200 piercing respectively. 1943 advanced heavy tank? Which is unlocked by the exact same tech as said tank guns? A mere 125 piercing. It makes no sense how tanks have more piercing than the same gun but towed. Literally, the normal advanced heavy cannon, which is explicitly
not high velocity, has 50 more piercing than the purpose built contemporary anti-tank gun.