Guerra in Europa...
The national comparison at the beginning of 1939 highlights that Italy is lacking significantly behind in the size of its army...
1939 started with a tough meeting in the Fascist Grand Council. Head of Intelligence Cesare Amé distributed the latest intelligence reports showing the latest national comparisons of the army, Regia Marina and Regia Aeronautica. While the situation for Regia Marina and Regia Aeronautica was acceptable (#4 and #5 respectively) the army was under all criticism. Mussolini was very concerned:
"Our proud army is only the 10th biggest in the world and while this report doesn't compare the quality of the troops, it is totally unacceptable that we are lacking behind inferior countries such as Poland, Nationalist Spain and Romania! Additionally, we have made little progress towards complying with the I-plan. It will require a major effort from all of us to turn this situation around. I expect all of you to do your outmost! The first step will be to move one step further towards a standing army"
Mussolini's pep talk quickly turned the situation around with the upgrade of the HQ division in the beginning of February and FIAT completing their research into “Basic Infantry Division”. With adequate technology available, Il Duce commissioned the development of:
"more infantry divisions than the eye can see..." (99 in serial production)
As a consequence of the recent order for 3 aircraft carriers, Domenico Cavagnari was asked to look further into how to use these vessels effectively (develop “Subsidiary Carrier Role Doctrine”). Lancia also developed “Production control” and Arturo Grocco started researching “Basic decryption Devices”. In the beginning of March, Italy also finished its first Marine division and was now one of the only countries in the world to have these highly specialized troops at their disposal. The first of the carrier air groups was also finished and placed in storage buildings in Taranto for now.
The development of Marines opens up new strategic options for Commando Supremo
On the 26th of March 1939 the situation in Albania became intolerable. King Zog was starting to denounce Italian influence in Albania, closed the Italian embassy and turned it into headquarters for the communist party. This was the last straw that broke the camel's back and Il Duce decided to send an ultimatum to King Zog. Victor Emmanuel III criticized the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk, but Foreign Minister Ciano delivered Tiranë an ultimatum, demanding that it accede to Italy's occupation of Albania. Zog refused to accept money in exchange for countenancing a full Italian takeover and colonization of Albania, and a couple of days later Italian troops invaded Albania. Despite some stubborn resistance, especially at Durrës, the Italians made short shrift of the Albanians. Unwilling to become an Italian puppet, King Zog, his wife, Queen Geraldine Apponyi, and their infant son Skander fled to Greece and eventually to London. On March 30, the Albanian parliament voted to unite the country with Italy. Victor Emmanuel III took the Albanian crown.
The annexation of Albania not only increased Italy's prestige, but also added important oil resources
In March, April and May, FIAT's recent technological breakthrough into infantry research was put into action. 11 divisions were upgraded to 1939 standard and the first 1939 division of the new armaments program was deployed. It was also decided to deploy 5 garrison divisions (serial production) although this would delay the completion of the aircraft carriers slightly. On the research side, Giulio Natta finished “Production planning” and Cantieri Ansaldo developed "Basic motorized division". FIAT was asked to develop “Improved encryption devices” and Lancia to look into “Rear area repair shop”.
June, July and August didn't have much action, but 10 divisions were upgraded, and one garrison and infantry division was deployed. Artucro Crocco also developed “Basic decryption devices” and Cantieri Navali Riunite was asked to develop “Floating Fortress Doctrine”
German soldiers parade after the fall of Warzaw...
On the 29th of August, German SS troops put on a false attack on a German radio station at Gliewitz dressed in Polish uniforms to convince the world that Poland is the aggressor nation and to justify their coming invasion of Poland. The day after the German naval training ship 'Schleswig Holstein' fires opening shots of World War II and shells the Polish naval base at Westerplatte. At exactly 0445 hours, German tanks thundered across the Polish border supported by Junkers Ju87 dive-bombers. Despite the fact that 73 divisions at its disposal at the outbreak of war versus Germany's 99 divisions, Poland had to surrender unconditionally on the 26th of September. While Italy chose to remain neutral for now, Great Britain and France chose to honor their guarantee of Polish independence. However, the effect of this official declaration of war was limited to a landing of French troops in Danzig and never had any real impact.
The fall of 1939 was very quiet in Italy with dedicated efforts to comply with the I-plan, while the world was watching Germany. The second marine division was deployed and a large number of infantry divisions upgraded resulting in that by 12th November 1939, the whole army was at 1939 standard. Two interceptor squadron was upgraded along with two squadrons of tactical bombers. Additionally, one infantry division and two garrison divisions were deployed. Impressed with Germany's success in Poland, Il Duce decided to align domestic policy further with Germany (influenced towards "Standing army" and "Free market" set to 5). Research progressed as follows:
- FIAT developed “Improved encryption devices”. Pietro Badoglio asked to develop “Preplanned defense doctrine”
- Lancia completed research into “Rear area vehicle repair shops”. Asked to develop “Assembly line experimentation”
- Dominico Cavagnari developed “Subsidiary carrier role doctrine”. Macchi asked to develop “Improved Tactical Bomber