Hive said:
How can you say that Trieste was historically a part of the Friuli province when Trieste was under Habsburg rule for centuries without the Habsburgs owning Friuli as well? That clearly means that the two where seperated.
Throughout most of its earlier history, Trieste was an independent bishopric & occasionally commune. Traditionally, Trieste was a Venetian client state, the only reason it was not annexed outright was because the Triestines didn't like the notion too much and because the Patriarch of Aquileia (ruler of Friuli) was persistent in his claim on it.
The Count of Goerz/Gorizia (a spit of a state between Friuli & Carniola) also tried to take it on a couple of occasions (he had a titular claim as Margrave of Istria). But by 1291, Trieste was definitely under Venetian control.
The passage of Trieste to Austrian hands is complicated since it overlaps with wider wars in the area. But basically, Trieste rebelled against the Venetians in 1368 and called on nieghboring state. A wide anti-Venetian alliance was formed which included Austria. In the war, the Austrians rushed to Trieste's assistance. But Austria was defeated, withdrew and recognized Venetian ownership of Trieste (as part of a peace deal with Venice signed at Ljubiliana in 1370).
[Note: the reasons the Austrians abandoned the alliance in 1370 has partly to do with the concurrent duel between Aquileia & Hapsburgs over the Friuli-Carniola border. Trieste
wasn't at stake in that border conflict. But it was obvious that whomever seized Trieste would have a very strong position. If they couldn't take Trieste from the Venetians, they certainly didn't want Aquileia to have it.]
Anyway, with Trieste secured & the Austrians gone, the Venetians then proceeded to beat the crap out of the rest of the alliance (Hungary, Aquileia, Genoa, Padua, etc.) and got an all-around peace in 1372.
But in the subsequent Chioggia War (1376-1381), Trieste revolted & was tossed around again. In the final peace of Turin (1381), Trieste was made an autonomous city under Aquileia-Friuli.
Unfortunately, the Patriarch of Aquileia died in 1382, prompting a civil war in Friuli for the successsion to the Patriarchate. The Venetians supported one candidate, the Hungarians another. When it seemed the Venetian candidate was gaining the upper hand, Triestans went into a panic, realizing that by sticking with Aquileia-Friuli overlordship meant coming back indirectly under Venetian rule. So, in August, 1382, the citizens of Trieste handed themselves over to Leopold III of Austria in a voluntary act of dedication. A wise move, since Aquileia-Friuli would fall to the Venice eventually (1420). Trieste remained out of that transfer.
Trieste would remain in Hapsburg hands formally as an
autonomous city-state under Austrian "protection". It was definitely separate from the crown lands of Carniola. It was ruled by an elected, independent council. Hapsburg involvement in governing was very limited. For a long time, their role was limited to collecting tax revenues & nominating/ratifying "capitani".
P.S. - instead of Shephard's map, try this one:
(the 1378 Aquileian possession date is slightly off. In detail: Trieste revolted 1376, Venetians recovered it 1378, Austrians seized it 1379, Venetians recovered it 1380, Aquileians seized it 1380-81, then you have the 1382 dedication act to Austria.)