Goods manus also affect the demand for cotton, just like refineries affect the demand for sugar. BTW, both are capped at 150%.
The regular trade goods are capped at 100% demand only and only go up, IIRC(I might be wrong on this one), by a rate of +1% demand per 2 manus in the game.
The cotton and sugar commodities go up approximately +1% per goods and refinery manus respectively. It sometimes goes up +0% and sometimes +2% instead. But it is a consistent pattern not random. Also cloth goes up approximately +1% per goods manu in the game too, and I believe he's capped at 100%, but I'm not 100% sure on that one.
Iron, naval supplies, and Copper are a different group too. They go up at about the same rate as cotton and sugar do, with their appropriate demand affecters. I don't know what they are capped at, as I've never seen them at 100% demand or higher yet.

I suspect that their demand is capped at 100% like the regular goods.
The luxury goods are a sperate group and they can go all the way up to 200% demand. They increase in demand by IIRC +1% per cheif judge aka legal council(LC) and +1% per governor too. Thus they are the easiest to spike and have the largest capacity demand spiking too.
Slaves go up 10% in demand per sugar province colonized. It only has to be 100 population or less even. In fact IIRC TPs increase it as well. I think the cotton was +5% per province and same with tobacco. Slaves can go up to 200% demand.
I actually had most of this written down at one point in time but I don't remember where I put the piece of paper. So sorry if I'm a bit vague on the matter. Ya that's right IDLF does run tests from time to time contrary to what some other folks may like to imply.
Really someone ought to make a FAQ on demand modifications. It's not really difficult to setup tests to figure them out.
Luxury goods = furs, ivory, china goods, spice, tobacco, coffee, and tea.
Regular goods = fish, grain, salt, wine, and wool.
All of the commodities in these 2 respective groups are affected in demand in the same way as the others in the same group.