Chapter 4: Communism needs Democracy, like the Human Body needs Oxygen.
Trotsky on his vacation in Spain, making links with the POUM and PCE and budding up with disloyal NKVD agents.
August of 1938 a bombshell would be dropped in Spain, its effects would be felt throughout Spain and most importantly in the Soviet Union - specifically in the Kreml. NKVD troops and agents had since the civil war in Spain been stationed in wartorn country officially to observe the peace and give the people a time to heal. In reality it was to enforce the policies of Stalin. But the three socialist parties of Spain soon found themself in unity and the PCE General Secretary and leader of Spain José Díaz soon publically condemned Stalin and his purges. He published the book "The Teachings of Stalin, a Luminous Guide for the Spanish Communists" which was highly critical of Stalin and said that Spain needed a new course. Naturally Stalin was incensed and ordered the NKVD to get rid of this "capitalist lackey". But nothing happened. It was then the bombshell came, Trotsky revealed himself in Barcelona. There he declared the USSR had to learn from Spain and their social revolution. The NKVD in Spain had openly defected to Trotsky and there seemed to be peace between the PCE and POUM, under the leadership of Trotsky.
Trotsky covering his face in Paris, appereantly trying to mimick Lenin or himself during the Russian Revolution.
It was clear the permament revolutionary was back. But he was quick on his feet. Stalin ordered sanctions and even aired military action against Spain, but was mostly ridiculed internally and in the international community. Stalin was having someone who was openly opposed to him in France. France had initially kicked Trotsky out of France, but the left-wing Popular Front government there became increasingly radical. The social-democrats was inflitrated by Trotskyists and the French Communist Party got training (military and ideologically) and arms from the now largely Trotskyist NKVD and Republican Spain exported from the Pyreneenes. The socialists and the communists in the government also became increasingly popular among the population, and it was hoped that by inviting Trotsky, and put him in power, the USSR might be forced to join in the war they were involved in and put an end to it. It was in Paris Trotsky declared, with the eyes of the entire world watching him: "Communism needs democracy, like the human body needs oxygen".
The phrase went all over the world. Democrats hoped for a democracy to finally come to the USSR. While in the USSR many saw Trotsky as the return to Leninism, who was under the leadership of Stalin worshipped as a demi-god. But what Trotsky really meant with democracy was uncertain and if he was another Lenin, especially with his history in mind. Still one thing was clear: Stalin's archenemy and worst nightmare had returned.
This really gotta be the last international!
When Trotsky returned to Paris he would not only make alot of speeches, but the Fourth International was held. Here many communists and leftist revolutionaries from North America and Europe joined together to make an international to replace the Third International as they believed USSR and the Communist Parties under the leadership of Stalin had strayed too far away from Marxism, Socialism and so on. The International also came to common programs and solutions for the Permament Revolution to happen. They cited that Trotsky had predicted the war that was raging between Germany and France (one of many really) and this would lead to many new social revolutions. Stalin on the other hand was diving further into his own madness, and it was now becoming clear for many in the USSR a new leadership was required.
The bitter fighting of Transylvania and Slovenia, German, Romanian, Yugoslav, Croat and French troops alike suffered.
But the fighting of words between the two revolutionaries in Paris and Moscow might have seem childish compared to the actual fighting that took place in the Balkans. By September the German troops invaded Romania from Slovakia, taking the Little Entente yet again by surprise. The Panzer divisions quickly eclipsed the Romanian and French forces in the Carpathians and Transylvanian Plateau. The Little Entente forces there retreated slowly toward the mountain ranges hoping to form a lasting defensive line there. The fall of '38 in Transylvania proved to be especially harsh as the temperature was around 0 celsius with constant changes between snow and rain. That kind of climate was the worst type for the physical health of the individual soldier, but the soldiers of all sides did their duty and fought bravely under horrifying conditions. Meanwhile in Yugoslavia the government forces surprised the Germans and French as they managed to break through Croatian lines and establish a tiny corridor to Slovenia. This prevented the small province from falling to the Germans. French soldiers and equipment was pouring into Yugoslavia and Romania for every day, they "only" needed to do what the Czechoslovaks couldn't.
Stalin loses his mind, and Trotsky lecture him safely from Paris.
Stalin responded to the return of Trotsky with mass paranoia. The Great Purge he had set in motion years earlier had mostly targeted the common man and the intellectuals. This time around it would revolve around much more profilic persons. A series of trials against the "Anti-soviet Trotskyist Center" took place and its victims seemed random. The three first victims was Kalinin, his wife and Krushchev. Kalinin had remained loyal to Stalin throughout the purges, despite several personally petitioning him to escape the arbitrary justice of the NKVD. Still his loyalty didn't pay off. His house was constantly monitored by the NKVD and he and his wife was arrested for "Trotskyism". His wife was sentenced to death in a short trial, and Kalinin suffered the same faith. The Russian people had lost their beloved "All-Union headman". This farce of a trial was soon the followed up by another one, that of Nikita Kruschev. Another man who had been genuinly loyal to Stalin. His only crime was his increased loyalty and his wish to abolish the cult of the individual. The collective ethos and worker's culture was now labeled by Stalin as a "Trotskyist-imperialist-capitalist-jewish" plot. Kruschev was executed the very same day his trial ended, with no proof of disloyalty.* Yet another beloved figure fell victim to Stalin.
Former partner of Stalin, Zinoviev.
It was clear among the population and political leadership of the USSR that noone was safe under Stalin and a new course of leadership was needed. The last of the trials was the one against Karl Radek, the former German revolutionary. Under most dubious conditions he "confessed" to several people being a part of this Trotskyist Center. Among them was the two former members of the Troika; Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Borisovich Kamenev. A paralell trial would take place, this time against Bukharin (who also made doubtful confessions) and the Right Opposition. It was appereant Stalin was removing everyone who took part in the Russian Revolution and the formation of the Soviet Union through these show trials.
Long live the Permament Revolution!
It was here the great irony of the theater Stalin directed showed itself. The Fourth International ushered the Union into unprecedented terror and paranoia, and this pushed many within the government, army, navy, NKVD and populace against the dictator. A clique was formed, one that was detirmined to get rid of Stalin and get Trotsky back. An invitation was sent to the former leader of the Red Army. Many did it over ideological persuasion, but many also did it to personally survive or to put an end to the madness of Stalin. The NKVD members who was responsible for executing many of the 16 victims of the showtrials would instead put them into safehouses falsely reporting their deaths.
Who said a trial needed to be fair? And the movember contest by the marshals have a clear winner.
But the gun barrels from the executions wouldn't turn cold as new showtrials was held in Moscow. Blyukher, Tukhachevsky and Yegorov was three of the five Marshals and was all sentenced to death under doubtful circumstances. Tukhachevsky at least had some "proof" against him as he had vocally been critical to Stalin, but his reforms of the Red Army was welcomed by most, and what was wrong in wanting to spread the revolution and aid the Balkans in their war against Nazism? Many started to fear for their lives, but it wasn't only the Marshals who would fall victim to the purges. The generals who was trialed, and sentenced to death in short time, was all picked randomly it seemed. But the ever popular Rokossovsky, the hero from the Spanish Civil War was also arrested for Trotskyism and he too made a confession to his crimes, appereantly missing most of teeth. This created an outrage among the population and the Army. Stalin was now linked to National Socialism. He was moving on against heroes of the October Revolution and the Spanish Civil War. And documents was spread where it was made clear Lenin dismissed Stalin and wanted Trotsky as his follower (with his critique of Trotsky being redacted) and that Stalin had used anti-jew sentiments against Trotsky to expell him. Then another document was leaked that Stalin prior to Rokossovksy left for Spain intented to purge him due to his Polish heritage. This toupled with Trotsky's work on the degenerate workers's state and Stalin's deisre for Socialism in One Country and unwillingness to take the war to Germany led to many to associate him with National Socialism.
The Russian Liberation Army under General Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov.
This proved to be the final drop for many. General Vlasov soon took his Leningrad garrison and 99th Rifle Divison and created the Russian Liberation Army (ROA). He openly declared he wanted to liberate the Russian workers from the despotism of Stalin. A large number of generals soon joined ranks with Vlasov and they operated under the slogan of "all power to the workers!" a clear refference to the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Naturally Stalin ordered the Red Army to this new frontline to confront the ROA, but then entire divisions in Ukraine defected aswell fueled by their hatred against Stalin. The Ukranian SSR soon had a coup, which was potrayed by the propagandists as a massive popular uprising, and denounced Stalin and recognized Trotsky as the true leader of the USSR. The Byelorussian SSR soon followed, along with most of western Russia. The Far East refused to lose their general Timoshenko and was in open rebellion too.
The NKVD is having enough of their goldenboy.
Stalin then had to entrust the NKVD to install order. The NKVD units was mobilized to take control of important railroads (and to sabotage the ones of the rebels), chokepoints and government institutions while the secret police rounded up the fifth columnists. But the leader of the NKVD Nikolay Yezhov was soon taken by the NKVD themself and faced their "justice" for his crimes against the Soviet people. Stalin had lost control of parts the NKVD and the Red Army.
The German advance seem to have come to an end, but for how long?
In the Balkans the war had come to a halt. The Little Entente was holding their ground despite losing the Transylvanian Plateau. Most of the Independent State of Crotia was retaken by the Yugoslav security forces, and with Slovenia reconnected with Yugoslavia the Germans didn't push into Slovenia. The war had lasted for three months and had claimed over 256.000 casualties of the armed forces involved. But for now it seemed unlikely the UK would intervene as Chamberlain put it "How horrible, fantastic, incredible it is that we should be digging trenches and trying on gas masks here because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing". And the USSR had troubles of its own. For now the war was regional.**
The Glorious Red Army and Red Fleet.
The military of the Soviet Union had grown in the past two years. It had a massive force of 164 divisons in the field and many more to come. Still they weren't as modern as the western powers. The airforce counted now 1711 fied wings, with new close air support bombers and upgraded tactical bombers underway. The Red Fleet consisted of an impressive submarine fleet as was slowly building up its destroyer fleet.
Now the killings and unrest in Russia will come to an end!
Then it happened. The 11th of October. The Trotskyist Coup, the Second October Revolution, the Permament Revolution or Political Revolution. The ROA and the rebellion of the Ukranian and Byelorussian SSRs was nothing but a ruse. Large swaths of divisions under the leadership of competent generals such as Zhykov was pulled out to the open. There they would face a crippling defeat at the hands of their enemies, but also many of their own divisions defecting. Rokossovsky and the other generals who was sentenced to death had instead been hidden by NKVD officers and they drew back the Stalinist offensive. Zhukov would perish in the battle. But the most important battle took place in Moscow. Later Soviet propaganda would decipt it was a mass uprising as Trotsky returned. It pictured Trotsky returning to Moscow and making the masses revolt under the phrases of "all power to the workers" and so forth. Then Trotsky would personally lead thousands of workers into the Kreml and overthrow comrade Stalin. But Trotsky wasn't in Moscow, he had just made it to Leningrad almost being shot down by German fighters. Instead it was a coup carried out by Red Army and NKVD officers. The Kreml was quickly seized only with sporadic fighting in the offices. Meanwhile the streets of Moscow was locked down by several motorised infantrist units and armored vehicles and tanks. Most of Moscow was already empty of Stalin-loyal troops and those who returned from their battle in the west soon defected to Trotsky or joined forces with Ivan Konev to fight for Stalin. But Stalin perished, in the middle of the night he was assassinated with an icepick. He would die instantly, a faith many of his victims wouldn't get. One of the most hated and feared men was gone. Killed.. by an icepick.
Or perhaps not.
Trotsky was soon proclaimed the General Secretary of the USSR and its head of government aswell as head of state. After many speeches promising this and that and denouncing him and her he would prepare the USSR for war. He would prepare them to crush the enemies of the revolution once and for all. The Red Army was reduced in numbers, but the strategical situation was obviously in the favor of Trotsky. During this time Trotsky and his supporters also bade their time to remove themself of those who could be associated with Stalinism or enemies of the revolution. The officer corps of the Red Army would get a cladenstine and largely ignored purge as the nation was united against their common enemy; Ivan Konev.
Trotsky was right, the supporters of Stalin is really just capitalists!
The Stalin loyal elements of the Red Army, Fleet and NKVD linked up in southern Russia. Shocked by the events that had taken place and the death of their leader they rallied under General Konev. Konev was a warhero from the Russian Civil War and had led the repression of the Kronstadt rebellion under the orders of Trotsky. Now he hd the impossible task of leading his massively undermanned "White Army" as it was dubbed by Trotsky and hold out the regions around Stalingrad - which now was the capital of the Stalinist-Russia. But without any government apparatus, who had been purged or defected to Trotsky, there was a hard time for Konev to keep the economy going and he had to liberalise the economy and open up the markets, hoping to attract foreign aid and investments. Trotsky used this as a proof that Stalin's degenerate workers's state would either degenerate further into capitalism or needed a political revolution to stay alive. Death or salvation. Konev or Trotsky.***
After 15 years of peace, but with great political brutality, was again in Russia. The Second Russian Civil War had started. How much suffering can one people take?
War will set ablaze Mother Russia.
-----
*So I wanted to take on the Great Purge focus as I did it in a testrun. But then I thought anti-fascist diplomac was for 70 days, while in fact it was 210... So well in game these events didn't fire, but they did so in the narrative, with Kalinin and Kruschev being executed in addition to the historical outcome. For the generals they were saved, but trialed and sentenced as in real world.
**I just took the screenshot from the perspective of the French, nothing more.
***I also here took the screenshot from the perspective of "Russia" (tried to explain why it suddenly turned to an oligarchy aswell) but didn't look at it while I was actually playing the game.