Chapter XI
War with Poland. Part III
In the treaties of 1920 and 1926 Soviet Russia and Soviet Union recognised Vilnius region (Vilnius, Gardinas, Suvalkai) to Lithuania.
In the agreement of 1933 with the Third Reich Vilnius region was recognised as a region of Lithuania under Polish occupation.
In Molotov-Ribbentrop pact Lithuanian claims on Vilnius region were respected by both the Germans and the Russians.
None of these treaties recognised Lithuanian borders as in year 1772, 1791 or 1793.
These were reasonings for Lithuanian military to stay in Vilnius region.
Between two options - to stay in Vilnius region - or to march onwards - President of Lithuania, Augustinas Voldemaras, selected the middle way.
The instructions were:
To support German advance but not to occupy any non-claimed territory.
With this course of action Lithuania would ensure the security of its borders and in turn it would not violate international treaties. Only Vilnius region was a part of Lithuania.
When German General Wilhlem Keitel began the offensive in Bialystok, Lithuanian Ist cavalry division, IInd infantry division and Ist headquarters supported German advance.
On the opposing side was very famous Polish General Józef Haller von Hallenburg.
Both generals were the veterans from the Great war.
Wilhelm Keitel was a simple man. A commoner, a supporter of Adolf Hitler, a loyal soldier now commanding 6 modern divisions on uptrend in German high command having chance to lead most modern infantry divisions in the field.
Józef Haller von Hallenburg was a different man. A son from a noble family, served in the Great War, helped to forge and defend the independence of Poland fell out of favor after 1926 Pilsudski's copu'deat. Now reacalled from the reserves he had a task to defend Bialystok a northern town in Poland.
But being overwhelmed he could not resist German-Lithuanian offensive.
With the blunt of Polish forces in disarray Soviets used this chance to enter their interest zone.
Although Soviet newspapers depicted the invasion as liberation
the reaction from Ukrainians and Poles was lukewarm. Soviet Union had no significant claims on Eastern Poland (no cores). Lots of Poles and Ukrainians were suspicious of the new liberators. From their perspective they had no buisiness in Eastern Poland like Germans or Lithuanians were out of place in the middle of Warsaw.
During these events in the evening July 13 some Polish militias tried to retake Vilnius but IInd cavalry division managed to scare them off with some patrols and warning shots.
No losses on any side.
With Polish forces being decimated and in total collapse
Poland was annxed.
Although some elements escaped through Romania Third Reich and Soviet Union had free hands in the region. They adjusted borders and German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation treaty was signed. Vilnius region once again was recognised as a part of the Republic of Lithuania.
With Poland out of the picture the Soviets and Germans could act as they please.
Meanwhile Lithuania by supporting German cause managed to reclaim Vilnius region.
The war for now cost 3498 soldiers.