Chapter III, part 3 - Home.
If Operation Carthage was like taking a walk to the fields, Operation Return would prove to be quite the opposite.
On December 13th, just eleven days before the Italian capitulation, General De Gaulle's Second Marine Corps, composed by 9 marine divisions, launched a naval invasion from Algiers to Marseille. They expected to find a demoralised enemy, since the Reichswehr's march through Paris and the Italian surrender. Instead, they found a resolved, well-trenched garrisons waiting for the landing.
An artillery bunker used by Communard troops defending Marseille.
The slaughter that followed the landing lasted days and only finished with the help of some militia men from the anti-syndicalist Mouvements Unis de la Résistance, who fought against the Communards at the streets of Marseille. Finally, Marseille was liberated on December 25th, a fact seen by the most conservative members of the military - as well as politics - that God was on the Republican side.
French resistance members planning their next move.
In quickly succession, more troops began to arrive. Juin's Troupes de Marine departed from Palermo and took over Toulon, thus securing another landing zone in the Côte D'Azur. Soon almost every military unit of the French Fourth Republic was deployed in Provence, which had been gradually seized by marines and guerrilla warriors from the resistance.
French officers and politicians inspecting the troops at Marseille.
What followed after the landings and the liberation of Provence was 6 months of atrittion war, with republican forces pushing forward to be later pushed back by a desperate Communard army, whose efforts of pushing back or even delaying the huge German offensive had been an utter failure. On February 1940, all of Normandy had fallen in German hands, thus granting to the Empire an excellent naval base from where invade Britain.
An aerial photo of Cherbourg, an important port in Normandy.
Finally, the Communard spirit of resistance was broken, and between March and May 1940 a general advance of the French Army saw Bourges being taken over without significant oppsoition. On the other side, Nantes was occupied by German forces, who previously had encircled and let what was left of the Communard Army out of supply at Brest. On June 17th, 1940, the government of the French Commune was forced to capitulate. Together with the occupation of the Helvetian Republic by German an Papal troops (yeah, Italian Federation DoW on the Internationale when Syndie Italy and France were already defeated), it seemed like the Syndicalist menace was finally neutralized in continental Europe.
However, it didn't mean the total reunification of France.
At the Conference of Bourges in June 25th, the Fourth Republic had to recognise the set up of a German puppet in Northern France. In exchange, the continuity of the non-aggression pact and the joint occupation zones in Italy were assured by Germany, who also delivered a valious prisoner to the Fourth Republic: Georges Valois, who was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of the French Republic a week after the conference. 2 months later Valois, as well as other members of both the Communard leadership and the Sorelian faction, were hanged out to death.
Valois and other prominent Sorelian figures at the trial.
A map showing the division between the German-controlled French Kingdom (north) and the French Fourth Republic (south).
King François III of France had already plegded his allegiance to Germany and Mitteleuropa.
France had been liberated, but only partially. The spectre of Syndicalism was no more, but then reactionaries and German lackeys controlled the northern half of the motherland. Bouisson, whose popularity dropped with the ratification of the Treaty of Bourges, accepted this sistuation as long as the last European bastion of Syndicalism, the Union of Britain, resisted. Exiled British politician and Admiral Winston Churchill said that "an iron curtain had fallen over France". But the French people knew it wouldn't take too long before France would be completely unified - be it by words or by guns.
If Operation Carthage was like taking a walk to the fields, Operation Return would prove to be quite the opposite.
On December 13th, just eleven days before the Italian capitulation, General De Gaulle's Second Marine Corps, composed by 9 marine divisions, launched a naval invasion from Algiers to Marseille. They expected to find a demoralised enemy, since the Reichswehr's march through Paris and the Italian surrender. Instead, they found a resolved, well-trenched garrisons waiting for the landing.
An artillery bunker used by Communard troops defending Marseille.
The slaughter that followed the landing lasted days and only finished with the help of some militia men from the anti-syndicalist Mouvements Unis de la Résistance, who fought against the Communards at the streets of Marseille. Finally, Marseille was liberated on December 25th, a fact seen by the most conservative members of the military - as well as politics - that God was on the Republican side.
French resistance members planning their next move.
In quickly succession, more troops began to arrive. Juin's Troupes de Marine departed from Palermo and took over Toulon, thus securing another landing zone in the Côte D'Azur. Soon almost every military unit of the French Fourth Republic was deployed in Provence, which had been gradually seized by marines and guerrilla warriors from the resistance.
French officers and politicians inspecting the troops at Marseille.
What followed after the landings and the liberation of Provence was 6 months of atrittion war, with republican forces pushing forward to be later pushed back by a desperate Communard army, whose efforts of pushing back or even delaying the huge German offensive had been an utter failure. On February 1940, all of Normandy had fallen in German hands, thus granting to the Empire an excellent naval base from where invade Britain.
An aerial photo of Cherbourg, an important port in Normandy.
Finally, the Communard spirit of resistance was broken, and between March and May 1940 a general advance of the French Army saw Bourges being taken over without significant oppsoition. On the other side, Nantes was occupied by German forces, who previously had encircled and let what was left of the Communard Army out of supply at Brest. On June 17th, 1940, the government of the French Commune was forced to capitulate. Together with the occupation of the Helvetian Republic by German an Papal troops (yeah, Italian Federation DoW on the Internationale when Syndie Italy and France were already defeated), it seemed like the Syndicalist menace was finally neutralized in continental Europe.
However, it didn't mean the total reunification of France.
At the Conference of Bourges in June 25th, the Fourth Republic had to recognise the set up of a German puppet in Northern France. In exchange, the continuity of the non-aggression pact and the joint occupation zones in Italy were assured by Germany, who also delivered a valious prisoner to the Fourth Republic: Georges Valois, who was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of the French Republic a week after the conference. 2 months later Valois, as well as other members of both the Communard leadership and the Sorelian faction, were hanged out to death.
Valois and other prominent Sorelian figures at the trial.
A map showing the division between the German-controlled French Kingdom (north) and the French Fourth Republic (south).
King François III of France had already plegded his allegiance to Germany and Mitteleuropa.
France had been liberated, but only partially. The spectre of Syndicalism was no more, but then reactionaries and German lackeys controlled the northern half of the motherland. Bouisson, whose popularity dropped with the ratification of the Treaty of Bourges, accepted this sistuation as long as the last European bastion of Syndicalism, the Union of Britain, resisted. Exiled British politician and Admiral Winston Churchill said that "an iron curtain had fallen over France". But the French people knew it wouldn't take too long before France would be completely unified - be it by words or by guns.
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