Here's my question: Would anybody be opposed to spiritualists being able to use AI and robots with no penalties?
Are people okay with materialists being able to use psionics without penalty?
If there's no malice toward either of those situations, then why is there a divide at all? It feels arbitrary. But it's actually not.
All the ideas expressed here explaining the viewpoint of spiritualism doesn't preclude the idea that a mind or a soul can be artificially created. You can sit here and argue about why it should or should not be, but sticking to what we believe are the possible belief systems that can be expressed by all possible alien minds is ridiculous.
That said, there is a problem with the materialist mindset regarding AI being the same as organic intelligence, and that problem is that AI can not use psionics. If their consciousness was of the same nature, then obviously they could- but since they're incapable, it lends credence to the idea they're not actually minds. That's an in-world, testable, binary argument. And it's one I wish wasn't there.
I don't understand the need to treat being a robot as a bonus rather than a different nature of body. If you had produce all of your pops through resources, if your food product was either irrelevant or just used for bio-products (bio-diesel fuelled eco-friendly hippy-robots, anyone?), if your pops were susceptible to other things that other races were not (for example, what if machine races had huge penalties to overcome to live on an ocean world because of all the salt water? Anyone seen what that does to a computer chip?)
In short, because being mechanical is in itself treated as a bonus, allowing it access to psionicism results in imbalanced play, and due to the game elements, it's iffy to allow materialists and especially machine races access to the psionics because that could be wildly imbalanced- thus why it isn't arbitrary, but why it also doesn't make it feel satisfying.
It's game balance causing the world to have to fit this idea that a lot of people just really don't care for, and promote a world that a lot of people don't care for over the other way.