Japan in WW II - merchant marine and Pearl Harbour.

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Grandpa Maur
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So, lately i had two thought, sort of connecting dots, on two unrelated issues.

1. Pearl Harbour. From what i gather, the base itself was quite important. There is a bit of discussion whether the third strike would be good idea, and whether the fuel tanks and dockyards could be destroyed and whether the casaualties among air force would be too high.

So i thought, what if the Japanese brought the battleships to shell the thing? Now, i heard that the base had some coastal artillery, so i thought, well, the big guns have long range, the island is rather small... perhaps if they approach from the other side? Nope, too wide. But, it seems that parking a battleship just west of Kapolei would put Pearl in range. And i doubt the coastal guns were placed westwards. Would that work_

2. Merchant marine. Well, as we all know, Japanese ASW sucked big time, and it was only the issue with torpedoes that bought them some time. IIRC, that was partly because Japanese largely did not utilize convoys. Yet, i just realized, that making convoy system managed to drop deliveries to UK by 2/3. So, perhaps Japanese simply could not make use of convoys because that would mean instant starvation of home islands due to the relative small size of their merchant marine?
 

Graf Zeppelin

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They should have destroyed the fuel stock there. That would help alot. Shelling it with their battleships tho would have been a bad idea so far away from a friendly port. They would have been very vulnerable for counter attacks.
 

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They should have destroyed the fuel stock there. That would help alot. Shelling it with their battleships tho would have been a bad idea so far away from a friendly port. They would have been very vulnerable for counter attacks.
Well, what counter attacks? The Pacific Fleet was at port, and it would be turkey shooting, like Mers-el-Kebir...

Or you mean something else?

I think battleship bombardment (it was the thread about battleships that made me think of it) would be excellent for taking out fixed emplacements like oil tanks and dockyards. The only problem i see is that aerial spotting is going to get tricky after the tanks start smoking.
 

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Well, what counter attacks? The Pacific Fleet was at port, and it would be turkey shooting, like Mers-el-Kebir...

Or you mean something else?
Aircraft, agressive destroyers, submarines. I am also rather sure that the CD guns would be within reach.

Also the reason why the Japanese didnt bother to form convoys/get better ASW is that they lost so few ships at the start of the war. The US had immense troubles with their torpedos. the Japanese considered their loses acceptable. that changed tho when the US sorted their problems out and the Japanese merchant marine quickly sunk to the bottom. Their improved ASW measures came to late.
 

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Aircraft, agressive destroyers, submarines. I am also rather sure that the CD guns would be within reach.

Also the reason why the Japanese didnt bother to form convoys/get better ASW is that they lost so few ships at the start of the war. The US had immense troubles with their torpedos. the Japanese considered their loses acceptable. that changed tho when the US sorted their problems out and the Japanese merchant marine quickly sunk to the bottom. Their improved ASW measures came to late.
LBA shoud be taken out by airstrike and bombardment. CVs are another story, true, although if i was Japanese i would prefer them to try to engage, actually... submarines, true that, at least in Japanese mind, they didnt know yet the US torpedoes were worthless.

Coastal guns, on the other hand, i am curious if there were any facing west. Looking at the general map it doesnt seem plausible, since its out of the way, but perhaps... i agree that outright trying to sail up to the harbour exit would be suicidal, but that trick, might it work?

Taking this all into account, its seems like a brilliant plan :laugh: Well, the CVs might prove nuiasance, and of course the battleships are not in Phillipines/Indonesia.

About the merchants, yes, but my question is, was it feasible at all for the Japanese to make convoys? Convoys are terribly ineffiecent, and Japanese merchant marine was already too small for the needs. It would be basically a choice between dying now and dying later.
 

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Just checked the emplacements, and they are all in the east, weird. There is nothing near Kalaeloa. The distance to the harbour and facilities is 20km, big, but still in range of big guns.
 

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IJN attack against Pearl Harbor in 1941 was a quick raid. They failed to catch any US carriers in port and also they didn´t know badly they devastated US airfields on there.

Let´s say that IJN would have sent couple of battleships to bombard Pearl Harbor after the air raid and those ships would have followed IJN carrier force. In practice, it would have forced to keep IJN carriers in there to provide air cover. IJN didn´t know where US carriers were or that US subs had poor torpedoes. They knew that after the attack on Pearl Harbor they were able to destroy a lot of US planes but they didn´t know if US still had enough planes to launch a powerful attack on the bombardment force.

Ultimately, I think the main problem for IJN was that if one of their battleships would suffer crippling damage then it would be lost near Pearl Harbor. IJN didn´t want to lose their battleships. Actually, they mustered their battleship force for the decisive battle against the US Naval forces.
 
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Consequences of strike on Pearl Harbour was extreamly poorly considered, mininum reasonable goal would have been to destroy Pacific fleet and occupy Hawaii islands. It was more wishful thinking than a valid strategy, poisoned by victory disease.

The strike itself was a quick raid and against gigantic nation like US almost futile. Japan simply lacked resources to wage a long war. Had Japan managed to destroy whole US pacific fleet then Japan woud have gained more time but because of US superior production any loses of US were replaceble while Japan had not enough metal to built new warships.

About Japanese merchant marine, Japan botched it complitely. There was no escort ships and US with very few submarines destroyed Japanese merchant marine like Kriegsmarine attempt to destroy British one. US also airdropped mines into Japanese home island harbours, after that all kind of industrial production ended in Japan.
 

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About the merchants, yes, but my question is, was it feasible at all for the Japanese to make convoys? Convoys are terribly ineffiecent, and Japanese merchant marine was already too small for the needs. It would be basically a choice between dying now and dying later.
They could have made convoys, Japan had around 1000 merchant ships. ASW escorts would have been the bottleneck. Even a bunch of Japanese destroyers had no ASW at the start of the war.
If I remember right those who had some had the lacklustre type 95 dept charge.
Late in the war the Japanese build some excellent ASW escorts. Sadly there been no merchant ships to escort anymore.
 

Andre Bolkonsky

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So, lately i had two thought, sort of connecting dots, on two unrelated issues.

1. Pearl Harbour. From what i gather, the base itself was quite important. There is a bit of discussion whether the third strike would be good idea, and whether the fuel tanks and dockyards could be destroyed and whether the casaualties among air force would be too high.

So i thought, what if the Japanese brought the battleships to shell the thing? Now, i heard that the base had some coastal artillery, so i thought, well, the big guns have long range, the island is rather small... perhaps if they approach from the other side? Nope, too wide. But, it seems that parking a battleship just west of Kapolei would put Pearl in range. And i doubt the coastal guns were placed westwards. Would that work_

2. Merchant marine. Well, as we all know, Japanese ASW sucked big time, and it was only the issue with torpedoes that bought them some time. IIRC, that was partly because Japanese largely did not utilize convoys. Yet, i just realized, that making convoy system managed to drop deliveries to UK by 2/3. So, perhaps Japanese simply could not make use of convoys because that would mean instant starvation of home islands due to the relative small size of their merchant marine?

The problem with the Japanese navy's aviation arm was that it had a tiny cadre of superlatively trained pilots that were better than almost anything the US had until the end of the war, but they had a tremendous amount of trouble taking kids out of the rice paddies and sticking them in airplanes during the war with any sort of effectiveness, hence the Kamikazee pilots. But taking out sub pens, the dry docks, and the fuel depots at Pearl would have been a more strategic blow than taking out the old obsolete BB fleet.

The reason the infrastructure strike was cancelled had far less to do with concern over pilot losses and was based on Nagumo's fear of the missing US carriers; they simply could not be accounted for and they had to assume the worst. They could not afford to lose the Striking Force, so they settled for crippling the Pac Fleet and hightailing it back home.

But bringing the BB's that close to Pearl would have been a terrible idea. The time and space needed to get in and get out by the raiding force in a seazone of which they had minimal recon precluded any kind of a close-in battle. The force was designed for hit and run, only.

__

Re: convoys. Japanese had minimal concern for convoys and logistics. Warriors didn't worry about that sort of thing. This is why Japanese I-boats were trained to hunt capital ships, not merchantmen. Meanwhile the US wolfpacks learned everything they could from the Germans, and outperformed the Germans in the Pacific at commerce raiding.
 

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I think the problem with bringing the battleships to Pearl was related to two things: Speed and time. They had a few that were fast (30+ knots speed) but they were too valuable as escorts for the carriers to be brought into gun range of pearl harbor - indeed I believe they were with Nagumo's strike force as escorts. The slow battleships couldn't make the trip - the risk that they would be caught after the raid and sunk was to great because they couldn't run away fast enough topping out at around 25 knots - to slow to expect to outrun or evade a pursuit if one occurred.

The other problem is time on target. The Japanese didn't know where the U.S. aircraft carriers were, and had no clear idea how long it would take before the remaining ships and planes at Pearl would sortie out in a counterattack. To do a lot of damage with a battleship bombardment takes a lot of time to fire off all those shells - and you have to be a lot closer too - the odds that they are discovered before they get to attack, or are successfully counterattacked during the attack are much much higher. Any bombardment with battleships would be inherently MUCH riskier than a carrier strike.

As for the merchant marine - the leadership of Japan at that time was dominated by the Army - after all Tojo was a general - not an admiral. for the Japanese leadership WWII was ALL about the ground war in China and S.E. asia. The entire campaign in the Pacific and against the U.S. was sort of hand waved away as a diversion to keep the U.S. from meddling and not taken seriously. It wasn't until roughly 1944 that they realized that the 'side' naval campaign threatened to obliterate the entire nation and that China was the sideshow.
 

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Okay, please try to respond to my actual question, even if its only a short sentence, like - i dont know - after you said IJN didnt want to lose battleships, the whole attack on PH was poorly though out or that Japanese ASW weaponry and efforts were lacking and so were their pilot training programs, or other things that are not directly related. I am quite interested whether my thoughts make sense.

For the record the questions of mine are: would it be possible to bombard PH from the western approaches of the island, near the place i mentioned, without encountering coastal guns, and what would be its effect, and second, if Japanese merchant marine could implement convoys without devastating impact on Japanese economy. I know, horribly specific questions.

They could have made convoys, Japan had around 1000 merchant ships. ASW escorts would have been the bottleneck. Even a bunch of Japanese destroyers had no ASW at the start of the war.
If I remember right those who had some had the lacklustre type 95 dept charge.
Late in the war the Japanese build some excellent ASW escorts. Sadly there been no merchant ships to escort anymore.
Hm, so you are saying they did/could not make convoys because they did not have escorts for them, so running single ships was not much of a difference from running a convoys from safety perspective?

Well, thats one thing, but i am also interested in whether, if by some chance, they had enough escorts, they still could not make convoys because of the ineffiecency of convoy system i mentioned in OP. I dont remember how big was their merchant marine, but i remember that it was strained, especially during the initial offensive where shipping already came at a cost of production. So, if the Japanese convoy efficiency is similar to what British had (no idea what affects that), then i guess having only 30% of your shipping power is not acceptable.

On a side note, i played silent service extensively when i was little. How was i amazed that German subs could dive thrice the depth of US ones! That was unfair i say, being able to dive deeper would save my ass so many times.

Re: convoys. Japanese had minimal concern for convoys and logistics. Warriors didn't worry about that sort of thing. This is why Japanese I-boats were trained to hunt capital ships, not merchantmen. Meanwhile the US wolfpacks learned everything they could from the Germans, and outperformed the Germans in the Pacific at commerce raiding.
Perhaps. Or, perhaps, some important dudes at the ministry of production and transportation or whatever decided they could not make convoys without stopping their economy?


I think the problem with bringing the battleships to Pearl was related to two things: Speed and time. They had a few that were fast (30+ knots speed) but they were too valuable as escorts for the carriers to be brought into gun range of pearl harbor - indeed I believe they were with Nagumo's strike force as escorts. The slow battleships couldn't make the trip - the risk that they would be caught after the raid and sunk was to great because they couldn't run away fast enough topping out at around 25 knots - to slow to expect to outrun or evade a pursuit if one occurred.
Yes, thats true. Hiei and Kirishima. Battlecruisers apparently. On the more positive note, their guns had a range of 35km, putting everything comfortably into range from the south-west coast of Oahu. Let me check... there were two more of them, Kongo and Haruna. Thats four. In a pinch, Nagato and Mutsu at 27knots could bring their somewhat larger guns too.

The other problem is time on target. The Japanese didn't know where the U.S. aircraft carriers were, and had no clear idea how long it would take before the remaining ships and planes at Pearl would sortie out in a counterattack. To do a lot of damage with a battleship bombardment takes a lot of time to fire off all those shells - and you have to be a lot closer too - the odds that they are discovered before they get to attack, or are successfully counterattacked during the attack are much much higher. Any bombardment with battleships would be inherently MUCH riskier than a carrier strike.
Yes, it is riskier. Arguably, way too riskier to sail up close to the Oahu pre-war. So the idea of surpise shelling is probably out of the question. Though, would it be smart to follow up the airstrike with the idea i described? After the second wave, dont turn back, but sail the 6 battleships near the western approaches of Oahu, keeping CVs on guard for possible american CV counterattack (LBA from Pearl are not dangerous at this point i think), and proceed to wreck the base and the damaged ship completely?

Yes, it is risky, but would the risk be acceptable? And what would be the outcome and other consequences (like in the other regions, like what were the other 4 BBs doing at that point, that they would not be doing here)


As for the merchant marine - the leadership of Japan at that time was dominated by the Army - after all Tojo was a general - not an admiral. for the Japanese leadership WWII was ALL about the ground war in China and S.E. asia. The entire campaign in the Pacific and against the U.S. was sort of hand waved away as a diversion to keep the U.S. from meddling and not taken seriously. It wasn't until roughly 1944 that they realized that the 'side' naval campaign threatened to obliterate the entire nation and that China was the sideshow.
Not sure how that relates to my question about convoys.
 

Graf Zeppelin

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That early strain of the Japanese merchant marine was mostly organisatonal not numerical.Like I said, they had plenty of ships. Untill they got sunk that is.
 

gagenater

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Okay, please try to respond to my actual question, even if its only a short sentence, like - i dont know - after you said IJN didnt want to lose battleships, the whole attack on PH was poorly though out or that Japanese ASW weaponry and efforts were lacking and so were their pilot training programs, or other things that are not directly related. I am quite interested whether my thoughts make sense.

For the record the questions of mine are: would it be possible to bombard PH from the western approaches of the island, near the place i mentioned, without encountering coastal guns, and what would be its effect, and second, if Japanese merchant marine could implement convoys without devastating impact on Japanese economy. I know, horribly specific questions.


Hm, so you are saying they did/could not make convoys because they did not have escorts for them, so running single ships was not much of a difference from running a convoys from safety perspective?

Well, thats one thing, but i am also interested in whether, if by some chance, they had enough escorts, they still could not make convoys because of the ineffiecency of convoy system i mentioned in OP. I dont remember how big was their merchant marine, but i remember that it was strained, especially during the initial offensive where shipping already came at a cost of production. So, if the Japanese convoy efficiency is similar to what British had (no idea what affects that), then i guess having only 30% of your shipping power is not acceptable.

On a side note, i played silent service extensively when i was little. How was i amazed that German subs could dive thrice the depth of US ones! That was unfair i say, being able to dive deeper would save my ass so many times.


Perhaps. Or, perhaps, some important dudes at the ministry of production and transportation or whatever decided they could not make convoys without stopping their economy?



Yes, thats true. Hiei and Kirishima. Battlecruisers apparently. On the more positive note, their guns had a range of 35km, putting everything comfortably into range from the south-west coast of Oahu. Let me check... there were two more of them, Kongo and Haruna. Thats four. In a pinch, Nagato and Mutsu at 27knots could bring their somewhat larger guns too.

Yes, it is riskier. Arguably, way too riskier to sail up close to the Oahu pre-war. So the idea of surpise shelling is probably out of the question. Though, would it be smart to follow up the airstrike with the idea i described? After the second wave, dont turn back, but sail the 6 battleships near the western approaches of Oahu, keeping CVs on guard for possible american CV counterattack (LBA from Pearl are not dangerous at this point i think), and proceed to wreck the base and the damaged ship completely?

Yes, it is risky, but would the risk be acceptable? And what would be the outcome and other consequences (like in the other regions, like what were the other 4 BBs doing at that point, that they would not be doing here)



Not sure how that relates to my question about convoys.

You are trying to answer specific questions, but the answers to them are more general.

Sending battleships in close as a '2nd wave' would be even MORE dangerous than having them be part of the initial surprise attack. They are closing in on an enemy that is fully alerted and may or may not be more powerful than they are. Without the element of surprise they are even more vulnerable. Most critically though the Japanese did not want to risk their battleships on a highly dangerous raid. They wanted to save them for the 'real' naval battles they were certain were going to come when they needed to destroy the rest of the U.S. fleets. They didn't realize that in fact their carriers were MORE valuable capital ships than their battleships. The range problem is key though - the carriers stayed some 150-300 km away from Hawaii the whole time. Battleships would just need to get so much closer as to make the attack unlikely to succeed. Also as I noted before it takes time to fire all those guns. 100 aircraft in the air can strike simultaneously. Guns fire sequentially. By the time the later salvos were fired, the U.S. ships would have warning from the early ones and would be able to take countermeasures. Surprise was a HUGE key to making sure that maximum damage was inflicted.

As for convoys - there are four real practical reasons:

Japans army had more political power than it's navy, so anything having to do with naval matters got short shrift

Japan had ships going to and from MANY locations. The british had ships going to the UK from everywhere and from the UK to everywhere. The Japanese thought (with considerable justification) that convoys would be much less efficient for them than they were for the british because their shipping patterns weren't so centralized.

They also thought that since their ships were going to be spread out all over the place that there would be no obvious choke points for submarines to position themselves in. An organized convoy would be a large enough target to be worth keeping track of, but individual ships spread out all over the place would be harder to track. Turned out they were wrong largely because the Americans were willing to go to tremendous lengths to torpedo Japanese ships due to their overwhelming material superiority. The Americans torpedoed everything up to and including ships so small that they were worth less than the torpedoes were. They were still unacceptable losses to the Japanese though as they couldn't build enough new ones fast enough.

As a result of all the above the Japanese destroyer fleet was constructed and trained for fleet operations NOT for ASW or convoy duties. This made them highly capable surface combatants, but they weren't set up for detecting or attacking submarines.

Finally the Japanese were gambling to win a quick decisive war. They simply weren't prepared for a situation where the U.S. might choose to continue the war for a prolonged time period. When it gradually dawned upon them that there was no amount of time they could buy that would 'wear out' public enthusiasm for war in the U.S. it was already to late for them to do anything about it, as they were more worried about fleets of bombers in the skies of Japan than fleets of submarines in the Pacific.
 
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Andre Bolkonsky

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Okay, please try to respond to my actual question

With all due respect, we did, in detail, from a variety of angles.

There were only four fast battlecruisers in the Imperial Fleet capable of being assigned as escorts to the Striking Force, and they were armed for speed and stealth, not a bombardment role. If you bring heavier battleships, you slow the fleet waaaay down and increase the risk for detection.

Secondly, Pearl Harbor is one part of a multi-prong offensive whose true objective was to capture the Phillipines and the Malay penninsula fortress of Singapore. Strip the heavy battleships and their escorts from the primary objectives and you water down your true ojective.

Third and most importantly: it is totally impractical to bombard with the battlecruisers; in addition to the wide-awake coastal defenses and army artillery waiting for just such an event, if arcing fire from the Japanese guns could hit Pearl then the battleships in Pearl could fire back and hit the Japanese battlecruisers, and the Japanese carriers sailing alongside them.

CAN NOT BE DONE and still strike the true objectives. Does that answer your question?

Perhaps. Or, perhaps, some important dudes at the ministry of production and transportation or whatever decided they could not make convoys without stopping their economy?

What 'dudes' are you talking about? Stop speculating and understand that Japan still operated on the Samurai code of Bushido. Supply, logistics, merchant marine, sub-hunting: these were not 'Warrior-pursuits'. Maximum effort was put into preparing the Imperial Fleet for the Final Engagement as describe by Alfred Mahon, proven by Tsushima and Jutland in the last war; our massed fleet vs. your massed fleet to the death. Period.

Additionally, Tojo was an army commander; the goal was to control Asia, not some volcanic islands in the Pacific. The Pacific War was fought for one reason, the resources of Southeast Asia; which the Japanese considered theirs by divine right.

Guarding convoys, hunting subs, these are not manly pursuits; leave those tasks to the women and the eunuchs, let the men gird their loins for battle with the enemy's capital ships!

When they starved at the end of the war, and their ships couldn't sail for want of fuel, THEN logistics became a priority; not before. Like many leaders before him, Tojo prepared to fight the last war, not the current war.
 
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unmerged(2833)

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That early strain of the Japanese merchant marine was mostly organisatonal not numerical.Like I said, they had plenty of ships. Untill they got sunk that is.
Hm, i tried a (large) bit of googling, at it seems that its quite complicated matter, and also not much about it on the web, sadly. The most interesting bit is this:

“ The (Japanese) Cabinet Planning board calculated before the war that the civilian economy required 3 million tons of merchant shipping to continue functioning. Coal transportation would occupy 1.8 million tons, while the movement of agricultural products and supplies (450,000 tons) and steelmaking materials (300,000 tons) would absorb much of the rest. Any drop below the 3 million ton minimum would threaten serious disruption of the economy. Government studies predicted that if Japanese industry could call on only 2.5 million tons, the availability of resources considered to be of secondary importance (coal, salt, fertilizers, soybeans, bricks, cotton, and various ores) would fall by one-fifth, and many other items would become even scarcer. A further loss of shipping to 1.5 million tons would mean a 20 percent curtailment of steel and rice production, a 60 percent drop in the secondary items, and a virtual cessation of most other imports.
No one in the Japanese armed forces or government ever questioned the 3 million ton figure, but there is reason to believe that it was somewhat optimistic. During the war, the U.S. Board of Economic Warfare stated that 4 to 5 million tons of shipping would be needed to keep the Japanese economy functioning, provided that the armed forces cooperated with each other, the shipyards of SE Asia were fully utilized, and the merchant marine maximized its cargo space by efficient operation. Since the Japanese ultimately failed to meet any of those three conditions, presumably the board would have concluded that far more than 5 million tons was necessary. Another American study in 1942 estimated Japan’s civilian shipping needs at between 4.5 to 6 million tons.”

The civilian shipping ran on 2.5 million tons, as it seems from this:

Date Total tonnage Civilian Army Navy
Start 6.4 million 33% 39% 28%
6/42 6.4 million 38% 35% 27%
12/42 5.9 million 42% 29% 29%
6/43 5.5 million 43% 26% 31%
12/43 4.9 million 39% 31% 30%
6/44 3.7 million 43% 30% 27%
12/44 2.5 million 72% 11% 17%
End 1.8 million 73% 12% 15%

But, perhaps the army row also transported resources. I dont know. I am willing to take you at your word, but i am curious, what do you base your statement on? Have you read stuff on that matter, perhaps?
 

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See it worked that way. Assume we have two merchant ships, one in Shanghai and one in Fukuoka. Now we have some supplies for the Navy base in Shangai that need to get shiped there from Fukuoka and some soldiers in Shangai which return home.
Anyone with their right mind would have loaded the supplies on the ship in Fukuoka and then on the return trip the soldiers.
Not the Japanese.
The ship in Fukuoka will deliver the supplies and return empty. Why ? Because it is designated to the Navy and does not transport army stuff.
The ship in Shanghai will deliver the soldiers and if there is nothing for the army to load, return empty.
If the ship in Shangai is not needed it will wait in port instead of transporting resources for example.
Their ineficency is mindblowing.Stuff like that happened on anything, double research, double production double everything.
Another favorite of mine is that the Army was informed about Midway around one year later. Navy wanted to preserve face........
 
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2. Merchant marine. Well, as we all know, Japanese ASW sucked big time, and it was only the issue with torpedoes that bought them some time. IIRC, that was partly because Japanese largely did not utilize convoys. Yet, i just realized, that making convoy system managed to drop deliveries to UK by 2/3. So, perhaps Japanese simply could not make use of convoys because that would mean instant starvation of home islands due to the relative small size of their merchant marine?

That´s interesting what´s your source on UK?

Makes sense, as organizing a convoy takes extra time than simply filling a ship and sending it ASAP.
 

unmerged(2833)

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You are trying to answer specific questions, but the answers to them are more general.

Sending battleships in close as a '2nd wave' would be even MORE dangerous than having them be part of the initial surprise attack. They are closing in on an enemy that is fully alerted and may or may not be more powerful than they are. Without the element of surprise they are even more vulnerable. Most critically though the Japanese did not want to risk their battleships on a highly dangerous raid. They wanted to save them for the 'real' naval battles they were certain were going to come when they needed to destroy the rest of the U.S. fleets. They didn't realize that in fact their carriers were MORE valuable capital ships than their battleships. The range problem is key though - the carriers stayed some 150-300 km away from Hawaii the whole time. Battleships would just need to get so much closer as to make the attack unlikely to succeed. Also as I noted before it takes time to fire all those guns. 100 aircraft in the air can strike simultaneously. Guns fire sequentially. By the time the later salvos were fired, the U.S. ships would have warning from the early ones and would be able to take countermeasures. Surprise was a HUGE key to making sure that maximum damage was inflicted.

I am going to ignore the question of whether it was politically feasible or considered too risky. The thoughts of Japanese command is not what interest me here, the physical outcome of this is.

Whether it was in fact more risky that the whole attack in first place, i do not think so. First, lets assume that the aerial attack proceeds with some success so that BBs at Pearl are not sailing out immediately (in such case, the bombardment would have to be cancelled). So, the surface group start steaming at flank the moment aircraft start flying the first wave. Now, thats risky, they dont have CAP, but neither do carriers, so i would say its acceptable. They arrive 10 hours later, which is 17 pm. Thats two hours before sunset.

As to actual bombardment, the US forces cant do much about it. The Pearl BBs are almost all damaged, the aircraft non-operational (and they only have two hours before the dusk). There is no CAP unless the Japanese CVs follo the BBs, though. Which would be interesting, but, uh.

Even if Pearl BBs were undamaged, they would be decisively disadvantaged by being positioned in confined harbour, subject to observation from the air, and trying to sail outside narrow harbour that would compromise their gunnery.


The main risks i agree with would be US submarines, but in fact this is not a risk due to torpedoes (or would the bigger draft of BBs rectify the issues?) and possible airstrike by US CVs. The later thing is even easier due to the aircrafts being able to land on Oahu itself. Would bringing the Japanese CVs be worth it? I am not sure.
 

unmerged(2833)

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That´s interesting what´s your source on UK?

Makes sense, as organizing a convoy takes extra time than simply filling a ship and sending it ASAP.
I think it was Tooze numbers on tonnage unloaded in UK ports in wartime and prior to that. The assertion that it is because of convoy system is mine, though so feel free to criticize.