There were very few British settlers that settled in what had been New France between the Treaty of Paris (1763) and the end of the American Revolution. A few (mainly Scottish) merchants settled in Québec city and Montréal but that was pretty much it.
The French-Canadian nationhood, as a concept before the late 1960s, was more of an ethno-cultural identity indeed. You got this. French-Canadians were the remnants of French colonization of Canada (which is the name of the French colony before 1763, not related to the government that branded itself that way in 1867) . The term used in the 19th Century and Early 20th Century up until the 60s was "race" and not nation. You could find French-Canadians in the United States, practicing their religion (catholicism) cherishing their customs up until the middle of the 20th Century in some of the neighbourhoods, towns and villages (Little Canadas) of New England. It really was a ethno-cultural/religious concept. «La foi est gardienne de la langue et la langue est gardienne de la foi».
The «Canadiens-français» nationhood flew into pieces in the 1960s. The French-Canadian ethno-cultural identity gave way to a Quebecker one as the debate on the Independence slowly redefined the political scene at the National Assembly in Québec. The only government the French Canadians were controlling was the National Assembly in Québec, and so, French people in Québec dropped the identity of their parents and ancestors for a civic nationhood that stemmed from the occupation of the territory (of nowadays Québec). If you would ask people in Québec now if they are "Canadiens-français", they would probably laugh it out. "French Canadians" doesn't refer to Quebeckers nowadays, it usually refers to French speakers outside of Québec OR to the old ethno-cultural identity my grand-parents used to brand themselves with.
I'm a college teacher, if you must know. And the French colonization of the Americas was my Master thesis' subject.