So, the first thing to note is that the Judeans famously used slings and bows, and both are rather atypical of Greek warfare which prefers javelins. Slings are a bit more known, but the Judean slinger was a famous fixture of Jewish society. The special thing to note here though is that arrowheads recovered from the Hasmonean and Herodian eras are trilobate, meaning pyramid-shaped, rather than the more familiar leaf-shaped arrowheads most think of. These arrowheads are considered characteristically Iranian, associated with Persian and Scythian archaeology, rather than European. Not all were made of iron, either - bone arrowheads (even painted bone weapons) have also been recovered from Hasmonean sites.
For armor, the single most visible component of a soldier model, the evidence skews
heavily toward Eastern design. While Judea is often stereotyped as being overly Hellenistic, we can see plenty of references to indigenous fashions overwhelmingly surviving in the Talmud - written at a time when Hellenization of the Levant was actually at its peak, and synagogues were often adorned with Greco-Roman art. Once again, we should always remember the principles of interpretatio that the Greeks and Romans use, and which writers use to appeal to them, meant to invoke familiar concepts rather than strict and nuanced accuracy. Judean fashion was not really all that Hellenized at this time, and recovered bits of armor are, as far as I've managed to find, overwhelmingly of the iron scale variety. One could mention that the linothorax has a scale component, yet in another archaeological dig, a full scale cuirass was found. Seeing as Levantine auxilia in later eras were still known for scale armor, this should not be entirely surprising.
On a side note to the scales, some
larger scales thought to belong to horse armor were also found in the dig - a possible remnant of the ancient Babylonian Cavalry utilized by the Judean monarchy, named after the Babylonian Jews that made up much of its base.
The sword of choice is interesting primarily for the reason that it was a gladius, rather than a Greek design. Even in the Roman era, it was the Greeks who are traditionally thought to have been the foreign culture of choice in the Levant - but Roman swords were preferred nonetheless. Perhaps this owes to the alliance the Roman Republic made to the Jews, or perhaps the simple spread of Iberian-type weaponry across the Mediterranean through both Rome and Carthage - the latter possibly having some Levantine trade connections still.
Spears were very typically Mediterranean, leaf-shaped with a broad central ridge. Josephus describes Judean thureophuroi, and might have been implying that your average Jewish spearman would've been lightly armored or totally without and bearing a similar and familiar spear to Greek use, as well as a less-than-fancy shield - though I do not recall the thureos actually being provably used in Judea. Again, Josephus was writing for an audience and using familiar terms, not writing in a strictly accurate fashion.
More accurate depictions of historic Judean warriors or soldiers would be like the following:
And here are images from archaeological remnants of military equipment:
Including Egyptian-style cart fitting at top, iron scales, reeded scabbard mount, frog (harness clip thing), and pieces of a Hellenistic spear
Ballista bolt, slingshot, detached handle, bone arrowhead, and Aucissa Fibula