All of these sound like good ideas, I think a Cold War Game would be fun. As to realistic weapons procurement, I had a thought the other day, which would pretty much just cause intense rage, where every program you start can occasionally double in cost and production time.
I don't think it should work as every program gets more expensive... i think it should work as every program needs a certain amount of perquisite techs and research points. Taking into account my earlier arms procurement idea and other ideas:
1) Realistic weapons production and procurement
This means that instead of having every country able to make their own weapons (which is utterly unrealistic and actually complicates the game far too much)... most countries are forced to procure/buy weapons from the obvious actors.
The USA, the USSR, The UK, The French, The Chinese, and some others depending upon the era were literally the providers of the overwhelming majority of weapons (aircraft, tanks, ships, and everything else). It should be this way in the game as well.
A country can become a weapons procurer... but it should take massive research, and investment. Thus it should not be the preferable choice. Instead most countries should look to make arms deals or appeal for military aid as a way to equip armies. As a result these deals and interactions would have a result on relations of countries in the game.
2) Multiple starting years with realistic research on forces, industry, economies, and diplomatic standings
5) Realistic diplomatic and econonomic relations and options
To acquire these techs and points you need to build/procure
defense contractor research centers (western countries) or
Design Bureaus (eastern countries). these should be highly costly installations, with each installation specializing in either aircraft, land, nuclear/space, or sea design production.
Naturally certain countries already come with certain installations. Some Examples:
-USSR (Starts with 75)
Mig, Antonov, Tupolev, Sukhoi. Mil, Yakolev, etc, etc etc, (Air)
Alma
z, Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
etc etc (Space/Nuclear)
KMDB, Uralvagonzavod, etc (Land)
Sevmash, Admiralty, etc (Sea
-USA (Starts with 75)
Lockheed, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, etc (Air)
Martin Marietta, Lockheed Space etc etc (Space)
Chrysler Defense, BAE Systems etc etc (ground)
Bath Iron Works, Newport News etc etc (sea)
-Untied Kingdom, France (both start 50)
-China Starts with (starts with 25)
-East Germany, West Germany Czechoslovakia, Poland, Canada, Italy, Japan, (start with 10)
-Israel, Yugoslavia, (Both start with 5)
This somewhat forces most nations to engage in arms trade, or appeal for arms aid. One other interesting aspect could be the acquisition of licenses from Nations... like how Germany, Czech, and Poland all manufactured their own downgraded versions of Soviet T-55s and T-72s because they were sold/gifted the licenses and productions methods/means. This saved them research and time procuring new arms.