I guess the only really analogous situation would have to be China - the most advanced state in the world, fully self sufficient internally and not reliant on foreign trade.
Go figure, they had the same type of rebellion as the OP, and it's considered the 2nd bloodiest event in world history after only world war 2!
If we aren't talking about a peasant or religious revolt, but instead a noble or pretender revolt, then state of the art military (even without foreign support) is completely reasonable, as is an army grossly in excess of the total army of the country. Historically, a major rebellion was not a regular event, but it was a devastating one. This is now simulated in game with rebellions being rare, and often being completely avoidable, but being large and brutal when they do happen.
So vassals have been a core mechanic for a year, but are counter to the game mechanics? What? No, sorry, but they have ALWAYS been part of the game. If you aren't someone like ottomans with a bonus to just eating stuff directly, rapid expansion has always involved finding ways around just grabbing stuff directly. Forcing your monarch onto a foreign throne through personal union, vassalizing and strengthening your new vassal before integrating, breaking nations apart and giving cores to others... these have always been there, and are core aspects of this game. This game has many, very obvious, artificial blocks to just taking whatever you want whenever you want endlessly and without pause. Coring costs, overextension, aggressive expansion, and rebellion, all serve to add blocks to wanton expansion (for player OR ai) and the new rebel system makes it less random and more controllable, so that you can master and overcome it much like a good player was able to work around coalitions, or use vassals to work around oe and coring, and continue to advance and expand.
Both revolts and vassalage are, always were, and should remain an integral part of this game.
For most nations a massive widespread rebellion WAS just a single case, or only a single case every few hundred years. That's kinda the point - annoying revolts in the game (like aristocracy events) are not what is being discussed. We're talking about major revolts, that are rare, but are powerful. We now have that.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelali_revolts Here's a good example of "overextension" causing revolt risk, just to add more if you wanna block quote too and respond.