It will make you the only country to produce money, but that doesn't stop that money from circulating. In fact, since you are better at playing than the AI, you will no doubt produce tons of "money" due to production efficiency.
The good news is that your gold mines will simulate your economy in various ways. Your gold miners will buy tons of stuff. Your government will have money to spend on things without raising taxes as high, letting your POPs retain more cash across the board.
The bad news is that unless you are able to satisfy 100% of all POP and factory demands (complete and total autkary), some of the money is going to leak out, so it won't strangle the economy of the world as you might expect.
Note that money supply is a problem in Vic2. If you search, you can find various threads and posts where myself and others discuss the problem of LGEM (Late-game economic malaise). Smarter folks than me have pointed out how money supply in Vic2 does not keep pace with the production of goods, causing economic slow downs and over production problems in the late game. Until your gameplay is good enough to notice these problems, you won't see them; but they do exist. If your economy is hyper-charged and super efficient, you may not want to crash the world economy, because it's already slowing down in ways you can't stop.