By now I fear that I was wrong about that [i.e. the possibility to autoload console commands] (and was thinking of a workaround for a CK2 bug on GNU/Linux instead).
However, there is at least a way to make the whole procedure
a bit more convenient. I read about it
here.
So apparently you could create a file in Steam's Stellaris directory and put all the console commands you want to use in there (on separate lines) and then load that file. I tested it (since there were users on Reddit who said it didn't work for them) and for me it worked to create such a file and then load it in-game. You could use an editor to create that file or write something like this into your shell:
Code:
echo -e "tweakergui borders.usemesh\ntweakergui draw.dust" > ~/.steam/steam/steamapps/common/Stellaris/fix #the e flag tells echo to interpret \n as newline character; instead of interpreting it literally
Note that if you only use one console command to fix the border/empire issue and don't really use other console commands when you actually play the game it might be easier for you to simply use the arrow keys to go back in Stellaris' console history to go back to the command you need.