Ivan Gošnjak was a carpenter by profession and joined the
Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1933. In 1935 Gošnjak was sent to
Moscow and was enrolled for one year at the
Lenin School where he also attended lectures by "comrade Walter", better known by his World War II-era codename
Tito. In 1936 Gošnjak was sent to a military barracks in
Ryazan where he was given the designation "Number 36", instead of his real name and was given military instruction before being sent as a
volunteer to the
Spanish Civil War in January 1937. A great admirer of
Joseph Stalin, Gošnjak was appointed
captain in the
International Brigades. After the defeat of the republican forces in
Spain, Gošnjak was detained in
France in 1939. After the capitulation of France in 1940 Gošnjak escaped from the camp, going in 1941 to Germany as a worker. In
Germany he used a fake passport, and in July 1942 returned to
Croatia and immediately joined
Tito's partisans.