consumer goods: sum of all types of factories, multiplied by percent that you see when hovering over, to get the amount of civs needed for consumer goods. Balance of industry is very important.
No. Training will only level division xp to trained. If you mean more the army xp that is used for division templates, this is the worst way to get it. Period. When your soldiers fight they will generate 10-20x more xp than when they are training since the 1.9.1 patch.
The computer "got" the oil by trading it, hence the 19 factories on trade. It has also been a few months (I think? don't know too much french). They also cut back on trade quite a bit (From 32 to 19 factories for trade), because you were probably buying too much stuff you didn't need. Each 8 goods bought from another independent country costs 1 civ factory.
Also:
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Huh?
Please explain a little more. You're here for help now so i will help you. These are reasonable mistakes.