British and naval data
The Cavalry Division (Allenby)
1st Reg Division
2nd Reg Division
3rd Reg Division
4th Reg Division
5th Reg Division
6th Reg Division
7th Reg Division
8th Reg Division
Aldershot District (small Infantry Group/no TF)
Woolwich District (small Arty Group/no TF)
Eastern District
Home District
North-Eastern District
North-Western District
Scottish District
South-Eastern District
Southern District
Thames District
Western District
Wales
Belfast District
Cork District
Dublin District
Curragh District (small Cavalry Group/no TF)
Channel Islands
South Africa
Punjab District
Bengal District
Bombay District
Madras District
Halifax (small Arty Group/no TF)
Bermuda
Barbados (1 infantry Bn)
Jamaica (small inf group/arty bde attached)
Gibraltar (heavy arty)
Malta (heavy arty)
Crete (1 infantry Bn)
Egypt
Aden (small Arty Group)
Somaliland
Central Africa
Uganda
Sierra Leone
Mauritius (small Arty Group)
Ceylon (small inf/arty Group)
Burma
Singapore
Hong Kong
All Districts have T.F. (Militia) Contingents and an attached Artillery Brigade
The Guards Division
1st Guards Brigade
2nd Guards Brigade
3rd Guards Brigade
+ Artillery Brigade/Engineer Brigade
(CO - Maj-Gen. Earl of Cavan(18/8/1915)
Maj-Gen. G.Fielding (3/1/1916)
Maj-Gen. T.Matheson (11/9/1918) )
Indian Army
Sir Beauchamp Duff
Sir Percy Lake
Northern Army HQ
1st Peshawar Div
2nd Rawalpindi Div
3rd Lahore Div
7th Meerut Div
8th Lucknow Div
Kohat Bde
Bannu Bde
Derajat Bde
Frontier Force
Southern Army HQ
4th Quetta Div
5th Mhow Div
6th Poona Div
9th Secunderabad Div
Burma Army HQ
Burma Div
ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET (Sec. of the Navy)
Prince Louis of Battenburg [60] First Sea Lord -10.14
Lord Fisher [73] First Sea Lord 10.14-5.15
Winston S Churchill
Henry Jackson [59] Admiralty War Staff -8.14 First Sea Lord 5.15-12.16
John Jellicoe [55] First Sea Lord 12.16-12.17
Cecil Burney [56] Second Sea Lord 11.16-8.17
Rosslyn Wemyss [50]First Sea Lord 12.17-
ADMIRALS
Hedworth Meux [58] CinC Portsmouth -3.16
Richard Poore [61] CinC Nore -2.15
Archibald Berkeley Milne [59] CinC Mediterranean -11.14
(1) VERY POOR LEADER
George Egerton [62] CinC Plymouth -9.16
George Callaghan [62] CinC Home Fleet-8.14 CinC Nore 2.15-2.18 [AF 4.17]
(3)
Robert Lowry [60] CinC Scottish Coast -6.16 RNC Greenwich 1.17-
VICE ADMIRALS
Stanley Colville [53] Orkneys & Shetlands9.14-2.16 [Admiral] CinC Portsmouth 3.16-
Arthur Farquhar [59] Admiral cmdg Reserves - .15
John Jellicoe [55] CinC Grand Fleet 8.14- [3.15 Admiral]
(5) SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
Frederick Hamilton [58] Second Sea lord -6.16 CinC Rosyth 6.16-11.17 (died)
Cecil Burney [56] CinC 2nd Fleet -12.14 1st Battle Squadron 12.14-11,16 [6.16Admiral]
(3) BLOCKADE RUNNER
Alexander Bethell [59] CinC 3rd Fleet -9.14 Admiral cmdg Reserves .15 - [6.16 Admiral]
Frederick Brock [60] Gibraltar -10.15 Orkneys & Shetland 2.16-1.18 [4.17Admiral]
Charles Coke [60] CinC Irish Coast -7.15
Martyn Jerram [56] CinC China -11.15 2nd Battle Squadron 12.15-11.16
(3)
George Warrendar [54] 2nd Battle Squadron -12.15 CinC Plymouth 3-9.16 (died 1917)
Douglas Gamble [58] 4th Battle Squadron -2.15
Doveton Sturdee [55] Admiralty War Staff 8-11.14
South Atlantic 11.14-2.15
4th Battle Squadron 2.15-2.18
CinC Nore 3.18- [Admiral]
(3)
Edward Bradford [56] 3rd Battle Squadron -5.16
VICE ADMIRAL (retired)
Roger Bacon [51] Dover Patrol 4.15-12.17
REAR ADMIRALS
Sackville Carden [57] Malta -2.15 Aegean 2-3.15 [VAd 8.14]
(1) MENTALLY UNSTABLE
Richard Farquahar [55] Ordnance Committee -16 [VAd 9.14]
Lewis Bayly [57] 1st Battle Squadron 9-12.14 [VAd 9.14] CinC 2nd Fleet 12.14-1.15
(3)
George Patey [55] Australian Squadron -3.15 [VAd 9.14]
CinC North America & West Indies 3.15-9.16
Head Royal Australian Naval Board .17-
(4) SPOTTER - CinC Australian Navy
Richard Peirse [54] CinC East Indies -12.15 [VAd 10.14]
Herbert King-Hall [52] CinC Cape -1.16 [VAd 2.15]
Orkneys & Shetlands 1.18- [Admiral 1.18]
William Lowther Grant [50] 6th Cruiser Squadron
3rd Cruiser Squadron 3.15- [VAd 3.15]
CinC China 11.15-6.17
CinC NAWI 2.18- [Admiral 9.18]
David Beatty [43] Battlecruiser Squadron [VAd 8.15] CinC Grand Fleet 12.16- [actgAdmiral]
(4) SPOTTER/SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
Loftus Tottenham [54] 8th Battle Squadron 9.14- 7th Cruiser Squadron 4-10.15 [VAd 10.15]
Charles Dundas [55] Transport Officer/BEF 15- [VAd 1.16]
(2) BLOCKADE RUNNER
Christopher Cradock [55] 4th Cruiser Squadron-11.14 KIA 1.11.14 _Battle of Coronel
(4) SPOTTER
Reginald Tupper [55] West Coast of Scotland 8.14- 10th Cruiser Squadron 3.16- [VAd 1.16]
Bernard Currey [? ] 5th Battle Squadron -3.15 Gibraltar 10.15-7.17 [VAd 1.16]
Ernest Troubridge [52] 1st Cruiser Squadron/Med -9.14
(1) SPOTTER
Archibald Moore [52] 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron 8.14-2.15 9th Cruiser Squadron 2- ?.15
(2) POOR LEADER
Charles Madden [52] Chief of Staff, Grand Fleet 8.14-2.16[VAd6.16] 1st Battle Squadron 12.16-
Rosslyn Wemyss [50] 12th Cruiser Squadron 8.14-2.15
(4) SPOTTER
Mudros 3-11.15
CinC East Indies 12.15-6.17
Second Sea Lord 8-9.17
Deputy First Sea lord 9-12.17
Cecil Thursby [53] 5th Battle Squadron 8.14-3.15
Aegean 4.15
Taranto 5.15-15,16
Eastern Mediterranean 8.16-8.17 [VAd 4.17]
Admiral cmdg Reserves 7.17- 7.18
CinC Plymouth 8.18-
Arthur Christian [?] Southern Force 8-9.14
Mudros 11,15- .17
(2) POOR LEADER
Somerset Gough-Calthorpe [50] 2nd Cruiser Squadron -5.16
Second Sea Lord 6-11.16
Admiral cmdg Reserves 11.16-7.17[VAd4.17]
CinC Mediterranean 8.17-
(3) SPOTTER
Herbert Heath [53] Superintendent, Portsmouth Dockyard-8.15
2nd Cruiser Squadron 5-11.16
3rd Battle Squadron 11.16-9.17 [VAd 4.17]
Second Sea Lord 9.17-
(3) SPOTTER
Montagu Browning [51] 2i/c 3rd Battle Squadron -11.15
3rd Cruiser Squadron 11.15-8.16
CinC NAWI 9.16-2.18 [VAd 4.17]
4th Battle Squadron 4.18-
(3)
John de Robeck [52] Cape Verde 9.14-
2i/c Eastern Mediterrenean 1-3.15
Eastern Mediterranean 3.15-5.16
3rd Battle Squadron 5-11.16
2nd Battle Squadron 11.16- [VAd 5.17]
(2) BLOCKADE RUNNER
Arthur Waymouth [51] Director of Naval Equipment -12.14
7th Cruiser Squadron 1-4.15
Superintendent, Portsmouth Dockyard 8.15-7.17
Archibald Stoddert [54] 5th Cruiser Squadron -9.14
South Atlantic 9-12.14
(3)
Hugh Evan Thomas [52] 2i/c 1st Battle Squadron -8.15
5th Battle Squadron 8.15-10.18 [VAd 9.17]
(3)
Robert Arbuthnot [50] 2i/c 2nd Battle Squadron -1.15
1st Cruiser Squadron 1.15-31.5.16 KIA
(3)
Stuart Nicholson [49] 6th Battle Squadron -4.16
East Coast of England 5.16-7.18 [VAd9.17]
Dudley de Chair [50] 10th Cruiser Squadron 8.14-3.16
3rd Battle Squadron 9.17-6.18 [VAd 9.17]
Admiral cmdg Reserves 7.18-
Henry Campbell [49] 7th Cruiser Squadron 8-9.14
Federick Tudor [51] Third Sea Lord 8.14-5.17
CinC China 6.17 [VAd 10.17]
Alexander Duff [52] Director of Mobilisation 8.14-
2i/c 4th Battle Squadron 10.14-1.17
Director Anti-submarine Warfare Division 1.17-
Assistant Chief of Naval Staff 5.17- [VAd 1.18]
(4) BLOCKADE RUNNER
Edward Charlton [49] Minesweepers 9.14-2.15
CinC Cape 6.16-5.18 [VAd 1.18]
East Coast of England 7.18-
(3) SPOTTER
Robert Phipps Hornby [48] 11th Cruiser Squadron 8-9.14
CinC NAWI 9.14-3.15 (invalided)
Mark Kerr [50] attached Greek Navy - .15
Taranto 5.16-1.17
Royal Naval Air Service 1.17-3.18
Horace Hood [44] Naval Secretary 8-10.14
2 i/c Dover Patrol 10.14-4.15
3rd Battlecruiser Squadron 5.15-31.5.16 KIA
(3) SPOTTER
John Eustace [53] Ministry of Munitions 15/19 [VAd 8.18]
William Pakenham [53] 3rd Cruiser Squadron -3.15
2nd Battlecruiser Squadron 2.15-12.16
Battlecruiser Fleet 12.16-12.18 [VAd 9.18]
(3) SPOTTER
Francis Miller [51] 9th Battle Squadron 8-9.14
Trevelyan Napier [47] 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron 1.15-1.17
1st Cruiser Squadron 1.17-12.18 [VAd 10.18]
Arthur Leveson [52] Director Operations Division-1.15
2i/c 2nd Battle Squadron 2.15-12.16
2nd Battlecruiser Squadron 12.16-10.18
5th Battle Squadron 10.18-
Sydney Fremantle [47] 2i/c 3rd Battle Squadron .15- .17
Aegean 8.17-1.18
Deputy Chief of Naval Staff 1.18-
Henry Oliver [49] Director of Naval Intelligence -8.14
Naval Secretary 10-11.14
Admiralty War Staff 11.14-5.17
Deputy Chief of Naval Staff 5.17-1.18
2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 1.18-
George Ballard [52] Admiral of Patrols -5.16
Malta 9.16-
Morgan Singer [50] Director of Naval Ordnance -12.16-
2 i/c NAWI 12.16-
& 9th Cruiser Squadron 12.17-
Promotions to Rear Admiral 1914-1918
Ernest Gaunt [49] RN Barracks, Chatham 10.14-
2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 8.15-12.16
CinC East Indies 6.17-
Cecil Dampier [47] not employed 1915/18
2 i/c Dover 1918-
Osmond Brock [46] 2 i/c Battlecruiser Squadron 3.15-
1st Battlecruiser Squadron 8.15-
Chief of Staff, Grand Fleet 12.16-
(3)
Arthur Hayes Sadler [52] not employed 1915/18 Aegean 1-2.18
(2) POOR LEADER
Richard Phillimore [51] Russia 8.15- .16
1st Battlecruiser Squadron 11.16-
& Aircraft Carriers 1.18-
(4) SPOTTER/BLOCKADE RUNNER
Charles Vaughan Lee [48] Royal Naval Air Service 8.15-1.17
Superintendent, Portsmouth Dockyard 1.17-
(SPOTTER/FLEET DESTROYER) - AIR MARSHAL
Douglas Nicholson [49] not employed 1.16-
2i/c 4th Battle Squadron 6.17-
Cecil Hickey [51] Director of Training 1.16-
Francis Kennedy [53] not employed 6.16-
Chief of Staff, Nore .18-
Heathcote Grant [52] not employed 6.16-
2 i/c Dover .17-
Gibraltar 7.17-
Thomas Jackson [48] Director Operations Division 1.15- [RAd 6.16]
Egypt & Red Sea 7.17-
(3)
William Goodenough [49] 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron -12.16 [RAd 6.16]
2 i/c 2nd Battle Squadron 1.17-
(3) SPOTTER, SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
Michael Culme-Seymour [49] Director of Mobilisation 14- [RAd 6.16]
2nd Light Cruiser Squadron 2.18-
Aegean 5.18-
George Hope [48] Director Operations Division 5.17-
Deputy First Sea Lord 1.18-
Roger Keyes [45] 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 5.17-
Director of Plans 6.17-
Dover Patrol 12.17-
(5) SEAWOLF, SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
Cecil Lambert [53] 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron -2.18
Aegean 2-4.18
attached RAF 4.18-
(SPOTTER/SUPERIOR TACTICIAN) - AIR MARSHAL
Hugh Tothill [52] Fourth Sea Lord 5.17-
Victor Stanley [50] Russia 1918
Lionel Halsey [45] Third Sea Lord 5.17-
2nd Battlecruiser Squadron 6.18-
Edward Alexander-Sinclair [52] 1st Light Cruiser Squadron -7.17
6th Light Cruiser Squadron 7.17-
(3) SPOTTER
James Fergusson [46] Mediterranean Patrols 4.17-4.18
2nd Light Cruiser Squadron 5.18-
William Hall [46] Director of Naval Intelligence 14/19 [RAd 4.17]
Alan Everett [49] Naval Secretary -10.18
4th Light Cruiser Squadron 10.18-
Thomas Hunt [51] 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron 7.17-
Lewis Clinton-Baker [51] Minelayers 1.18-
John Green [51] White Sea .18-
Vivian Bernard [49] Portland Base 9.17-
James Ley [48] Director Staff Duties 1.18-
Edmund Hyde-Parker [49] Director of Mobilisation 1.18-
Edward Phillpotts [47] Director Naval Equipment 1.18-
Frederick Learmouth [52] Director Fixed Defences 3.18-
Philip Colomb [51] Pacific 9.17- [RAd 4.18]
(3)
George Borrett [ ?] 7th Light Cruiser Squadron 4.18- [RAd 8.18]
Walter Cowan [47] 1st Light Cruiser Squadron .17- [RAd 9.18]
(3)
Maurice Woolcombe [50] not employed [RAd 10.18]
(3)
Martin Dunbar-Nasmith E class Submarine Commander
(3) SEAWOLF
ENGINEER VICE ADMIRAL
Henry Oram [56] Engineer-in-Chief, Admiralty -6.17
ENGINEER REAR ADMIRAL
George Goodson [52] Deputy Engineer-in-Chief -6.17
Engineer-in-Chief 6.17- [VAd]
Ernest Ellis [?] Inspector of Naval Ordnance -17
William Pamphlett [?] Admiralty staff ?
Albert Westaway [?] ??
Arthur Turner [53] Chief Engineer, Grand Fleet - .17
Sylvester Rawling [?] ??
William Anstey [54] Assistant Engineer-in-Chief - .17
William Mogg [54] Chief Engineer, Home Fleet/2nd Fleet -1916
Chief Engineer, Portsmouth 7.16-
Edward Gaudin [?] Assistant Engineer-in-Chief -6.17
Deputy Engineer-in-Chief 6.17-
Promotions to Engineer Rear Admiral
George Hudson [55] Chief Engineer, Nore 5.16-
William Whittingham [54] Chief Engineer, Scottish Coast 11.16-
William Juniper [?] attached Nore Command 5.17-
John Richardson [55] Chief Engineer, East Coast of England 6.17-
Charles Jones [55] promoted 10.17 -post?
Henry Humphreys [? ] Chief Engineer, Plymouth 4.18-
Fred Hoare [55] promoted 4.18 -post?
Arthur Kingsnorth [54] promoted 1918 -post?
Archie Emdin [53] Engineer Manager, Malta Dockyard
IMPERIAL GERMAN FLAG OFFICERS
STATE SECRETARY, NAVY OFFICE
Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz
3.16 - Admiral Eduard von Capelle
10.18 - Vice Admiral Paul Behncke
10.18 - Vice Admiral Ernest Mann Edler von Tiechler
HEAD, KAISER'S NAVAL CABINET
Admiral Georg Muller
CHIEF OF ADMIRALTY STAFF
Admiral Hugo von Pohl
(3) CAUTIOUS
2.15 - Admiral Gustav Bachmann
9.15 - Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff
8.18 - Admiral Rheinhard Scheer
NB The Kaiser exercised control of the Navy through the above three officers who
had overlapping and conflicting duties.
SUPREME COMMANDER, BALTIC 1914-1917
Grand Admiral Prince Heinrich of Prussia
Chief of Staff - Rear Admiral von Uslar
8.18 - Admiral Frhr Walter von Keyserligk
CINC BALTIC NAVAL STATION
Vice Admiral Gustav Bachmann
2.15 - Admiral Freidrich von Ingenohl
(2) POOR LEADER
9.15 - Admiral Gustav Bachmann
8.18 - Admiral Wilhelm Souchon
(4) BLOCKADE RUNNER, SPOTTER
Kiel Naval Base 1914 - Vice Admiral Henkel-Gebhardi
5th Squadron 1914 - Vice Admiral Grepow
6th Squadron 1914 - Rear Admiral Echermann
Baltic Coast Defence 1914 - Rear Admiral Mischke
Baltic Recce Force - 1916 - Rear Admiral Langemarck
12.16 - Rear Admiral Hopman
12.16 - Rear Admiral Hopman-12.17
CINC NORTH SEA NAVAL STATION
Vice Admiral Gunther Krosigk [served in this post for whole of the war years]
Wilhelmshaven Naval Base 1914 - Rear Admiral Engelhard?
Cuxhaven Naval Base 1918 - Rear Admiral Engelhard
COMMANDER FLANDERS COAST 1914-1918
Admiral Ludwig von Schroder
CINC MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON
Rear Admiral Wilhelm Souchon
9.17 - Vice Admiral Rebeur-Paschwitz
CINC BLACK SEA
1.18 - Vice Admiral Albert Hopman
CINC FAR EAST SQUADRON 1914
Vice Admiral Maximilian Graf Spee
(4) BLOCKADE RUNNER, SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
THE HIGH SEA FLEET 1914-1918
Admiral Friedreich von Ingenohl
2.15 - Admiral Hugo von Pohl
1.16 - Admiral Rheinhard Scheer
(4) SEAWOLF
8.18 - Vice Admiral Franz Ritter von Hipper
(5) BLOCKADE RUNNER, SUPERIOR TACTICIAN
Chief of Staff 1.16-11.18 - Rear Admiral von Trotha
1st SQUADRON
Vice Admiral Lans
By 5.16 - Vice Admiral E Schmit
By 11.18 - Vice Admiral Boedicker
(4) SPOTTER
2nd SQUADRON
Vice Admiral Scheer
By 5.16 - Rear Admiral Mauve
(3)
3rd SQUADRON
Rear Admiral Funks
.15 - Vice Admiral Scheer
1.16 - Vice Admiral Paul Behncke
by 11.18 - Vice Admiral Kraft
4th SQUADRON
Vice Admiral E Schmidt
Later - Vice Admiral Mauve
9.17 - Vice Admiral Souchon
8.18 - Vice Admiral Meurer
(3) SPOTTER
1st SCOUTING GROUP/Cmdr Recce Forces
Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper
8.18 - Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter
(4) SEAWOLF, BLOCKADE RUNNER
2nd SCOUTING GROUP/Cmdr Destroyers
Rear Admiral Maas
By 5.16 - Rear Admiral Boedicker
By 1917 - Rear Admiral Reuter
1.18 - Rear Admiral Levetszow
3rd SCOUTING GROUP
Rear Admiral Tapken 1914-?
4th SCOUTING GROUP
1915 - Rear Admiral Scheidt
by 5.16 - Commodore Reuter
by 11.18 - Commodore Karpf
TORPEDO BOATS
7.15 - Commodore Andreas Michelsen
(4) SEAWOLF, BLOCKADE RUNNER
6.17 - Commodore Heinrich
(4) SEAWOLF
CHIEF OF U BOATS
6.17 - Commodore Andreas Michelsen to 11.18
FOR AUSTRIA-HUNGARY -
George Ritter Von Trapp
(4) SEAWOLF
NAVAL DOCTRINE AND NAVAL TECH (pre-1914)
Basic - Trafalgar tactics and technology
- Wooden Walls - wooden warships, basic, sail powered.
- Submarine Technology - first advances in submarine technology
(ie Fulton's experiments)
Ironclad Navy - ACW naval tech, emphasis on blockades and commerce raiding.
- Steam Engines - required for building engine powered ships
- Fulton's Clermont - first steam engine powered ship, basis for engine powered ships.
- Steam Frigates (Cruisers) - very primitive battleships, sailing ships with engines
(ie American Civil War ships)
- Ironclad floating batteries (Destroyers) - armor plated gunboats for support of amphibious landings.
- Experimental submarine technology - required for next phase of sub development.
- Balloon reconnaissance - first stage of naval aviation.
(ie CSS Huntley)
- Ironclads (Destroyers) - primitive battleships, armored and engine powered but retaining traditional rigging
(ie HMS Warrior/La Gloire)
- Improved Propulsion 1 - more efficient coal burning reciprocating engines
- Armstrong Armor Piercing Guns - actually of limited effect on armor when tested. Adds slightly to ship's attack value.
- Naval Raiders - very primitive commerce raiding cruisers. Req. commerce raiding doctrine.
(ie CSS Alabama)
- Box Iron Clads (Destroyers) - extremely primitive ironclads mounting guns in an armored box hull.
(ie CSS Virginia)
- Barbettes - raised towers for housing cannon. No overhead protection. Req for The Turret Ship.
- Naval Turrets - use of rotating gun turrets for housing main guns.
- Monitors (Destroyers) - extremely primitive ironclads mounting guns in a revolving turret.
(ie USS Monitor)
- Armor piercing shells 2 - improved shells that can actually pierce armor. Brings attack value up to par with armor value.
- Ramming tactics - required for further naval development. All ships are built with ramming bows.
The Steel Navy
- Lessons of the American Civil War - theoretical basis for advancement of naval thought. Req. for any further devt.
- The Turret Ship - basis for all further developments. Ship armed with a turret mounted on a
barbette. Still carries primitive rigging. (ie HMS Monarch/Captain)
- Raiding Cruisers (Cruisers) - primitive cruisers.
(late 19th C cruisers)
- Steam Powered Battleships - ship armed with turrets fore and aft powered by engines alone.
(ie HMS Devastation)
- Electricity - probably would need dynamo tech to accomplish this. More efficient and safer than oil lamps.
- Breech loaders - more efficient than old muzzle loading cannon, required for further developments in naval armaments.
Jeune Ecole - Less emphasis on Battleships, more on commerce raiding, torpedo boats and subs
- Protection to Vitals - lighter armor in exchange for speed
- Krupp Armaments - superior guns and armor
- Harvey Steel - nickle hardened armor plating
- Improved Propulsion 2 - quadruple expansion reciprocating engines.
- Cruiser Rules - Raiders are required to stop their victims and allow the crews to
abandon ship. Required for next stage of cruiser devt as well as sub devt.
- Shell hoists - shells are now brought up from the magazine by hoist increasing ships safety.
- Improved balloons - more control and better construction.
- Monster Guns - guns larger than 10" giving vastly greater killing power to battleships.
The New Navy - More emphasis on global power projection. Improved endurance for ships.
- Second Class Battleships (Cruisers) - large CAs with a battleship's guns.
(ie USS Maine)
- Coastal Defense Battleshps - primitve battleships with the most modern guns.
(ie Spanish American war era Battleships)
- Protected Cruisers - Commerce raiders with very little armor, light anti-merchant guns
(ie Spanish American war era Cruisers/primitive CLs)
- Armoured Cruisers 1 - Cruisers with armor to serve as fleet scouts.
(ie HMS Edgar, HMS Drake classes)
- Parsons Turbines - improved propulsion through steam powered turbine engines.
- Larger main guns - upgrades to 6" guns.
- Mixed armament - armored cruisers and battleships armed with various types of heavy guns.
- Showing the Flag - warships are built less as ships of war but as symbols of power
particularly in regard to Imperial colonies.
- Gunboat diplomacy - use of naval power projection to achieve political ends.
More efficient use of overseas stations.
- Gunnery Training 1 - constant practice firings and target shooting.
- All big gun battleships - main armament of battleships only consists of 11" and heavier guns.
- Armoured Cruisers 2 - multiple gunned armored cruisers.
(ie HMS Monmouth or other County class ships)
- Primitive Dirigibles - required for Airships.
Damn the Torpedoes - Mine and Torpedo Warfare.
- Primitive torpedo boats (Destroyers) - experimental type with few guns but lethal with torps.
- Naval Mines 1 - primitive electronic and contact mines.
- Torpedo Defenses - torpedo nets to protect against torpedo attacks.
- Torpedo Boat Destroyer (Destroyers) - heavier armament over torpedoes, used to attack TBs.
- Improved Safety Aboard Ship - ships stand less chance of blowing up via Methane.
- Quick-Firing guns - better defense against torpedoes.
- Improved Propulsion 3 - More reliable engines that generate more speed.
- Magazine Safety - less chance of blowing up due to poor safety proceedures.
Fear God, Dreadnaught (all) - the dreadnought era
- internal subdivision - ships are now compartmentalized.
- experimental oil powered turbines - required for oil fired turbines.
- Wireless Telegraphy - improved communications. Better C3.
- Armoured Cruisers 3 - Improved Armored cruisers with better protection.
(ie HMS Cressy)
- Lessons of contemporary naval engagements - improved C3 (Req. for DN)
- The naval theoreticians (Mahan, Fisher, Tirpitz) - doctrinal improvements (Req. for DN)
- Armoured Cruisers 4 - Larger, better armored cruisers for fleet escorting.
(ie HMS Duke of Edinburgh, Russo-Japanese war cruisers)
- Improved Propulsion 4 - more efficient and faster engines (Req. for DN)
- Naval Engineering - superior warship construction.(Req. for DN)
- Dreadnought - superior battleship in terms of speed, armor, armament and C3.
(ie HMS Dreadnought - of course!!)
- Large Armored Cruiser - big armored cruisers capable of battle line action.
(ie SMS Blucher or SMS Scharnhorst)
- Speed over protection - better speed at the cost of armoring. Required for Dreadnought Armored Cruiser.
- Dreadnought Armored Cruiser - big armored cruisers with battleship's guns and cruiser armor.
(ie HMS Invincible)
- Scout Cruisers - lightly armed and unprotected cruisers.
- Airships - large dirigibles capable of carrying bomb loads and some machine guns.
- Naval Scout Aircraft - needs Kittyhawk/Wright Bros EVENT. Primitive land based scout planes.
- Scout Cruisers - very small, inexpensive cruisers for recce and flag-showing purposes.
(ie HMS Pegasus, HMS Eclipse)
The Naval Arms Race.
- Naval Arms Race - larger shipbuilding capacity as your nation struggles to maintain naval 'parity'.
- Uniform armament - rather than having many guns of different calibers, ships are armed with
a few turrets of heavy guns.
- Armored Cruisers 5 - Uses uniform armament with improved fire control.
(ie HMS Minotaur)
- Centerline Main armament - all main armament is placed along the centerline for better efficiency.
- Dreadnought 2nd generation - all guns grouped along the centerline.
(ie HMS Colossus and Neptune Classes)
- Battlecruisers - faster and bigger than primitive Dreadnought Armored Cruisers. Turrets grouped along the centerline.
(ie HMS Indefatigable/SMS Goeben)
- Lessons of the Titanic (requires Titanic event) - more lifeboats, better internal compartmentalization (req. for 3rd generation DN)
- Dreadnought 3rd generation - improvement on 2nd generation ships with better C3 and fire control as well as much heavier guns (13.5")
(ie HMS Orion/HMS Iron Duke)
- Battlecruisers 2 - the biggest and best armed battlecruiser versions of 3rd gen. Dreadnoughts.
(ie HMS Lion/HMS Queen Mary/SMS Lutzow)
- Dreadnought 4th generation - mounting powerful 15" guns, these represent the peak of dreadnought development.
(ie HMS Royal Sovereign/SMS Baden)
- Oil fired turbines - much improved speed and fuel efficiency. Req. for fast BB.
- Fast Dreadnought Battleships - larger, more powerful battleships with oil fired turbines.
(ie HMS Warspite)
- Magazine Explosion prevention - following the battles of Dogger Bank and Jutland the Germans and much later the British took better precautions with shell handling and prevention of magazine explosions. Required for Battlecruisers 3.
- Battlecruisers 3 - larger, faster and better armored making 30kts and armed with 15" guns.
(ie HMS Renown/SMS Mackensen/IJN Kongo)
- Super Battlecruisers - the epitome of battlecruiser design, the largest warships in the world.
(ie HMS Hood)
- Super Dreadnoughts - the epitome of dreadnought battleship design mounting the most number of turrets with the biggest guns on the largest hull for the best speed.
(ie IJN Hyuga?)
- Long Range Gunnery - improved gunnery at maximum range
- Concentration of Fire - squadrons concentrate fire on single targets
- Improved Fire Control 1 - Centralized Fire Control
- Improved Fire Control 2 - Gun Directors
- Improved C3 - better communication between the bridge and the crew stations.
- Improved Damage Control proceedure - better damage control prevents ships from sinking too rapidly.
- Gunnery Training 2 - better fire control and accuracy.
- Optics - range finding equipment, better accuracy.
Wartime Developments:
1. Naval Aviation - from shore based squadrons and zeppelins to primitive 'seaplane carriers'
and ship mounted catapults to the first converted aircraft carriers.
2. Improved guns - growing successively larger till they reach 15" or even 18" guns.
3. Oil Fired Turbines - making ships extremely fast.