There are less than 60 foci on the table - do larger countries get relatively more by design?
Not necessarily, Japan has less. But if you look at the generic Political Effort, there are 19 focuses there. Three are mutually exclusive choices. Depending on which choices you make you can take a maximum of 8 (by choosing Collectivist Ethos, regardless of your second choice) or a minimum of 6 (Liberty then Neutrality). There are two other mutually exclusive choices, but they don't close off whole branches.
So a total of 56 focuses, but the most you could take would be:
- 9 Army
- 6 Aviation
- 6 Naval
- 13 Industrial
- 8 Political
For a total of 42
A number of the options are also restricted by things outside of the tree. I assume
@Denkt spotted in one of the videos that the Extra Research Slot II is restricted only to countries that drag themselves up close to major status by having 50 factories. Those political focuses should be heavily restricted depending on your ideology/neutrality. So it's possible that many minors will only get to take about 39 focuses.
Or less if they get stomped on early

. Poland might get to take only 19.
Japan has a smaller overall number of focuses in it's tree - 44. But can take up to 41 of them.