If some people are experiencing issues and others aren't, it may be due to hardware configuration. I recommend posting hardware specs, at the very least CPU and GPU. I've avoided 1.6 like the plague so far, so I can't give my performance assessment.
I kinda doubt that. It's a cpu load issue, and as I said, I have a 6700k, which is almost certainly well above the average. Even if it wasn't, I'm pretty sure even an overclocked 7700k wouldn't be enough of a performance leap over my cpu to completely eliminate the lag.
Whatever it is, is multi-threaded though. All 4 cores get pinged hard, which further suggests an AI bug. We know there was quite a few with 1.6, we know there are still issues, and that is one of the most obvious things to multi-thread. This does open up higher core/thread CPUs than mine being faster, but those are still pretty few, while quite a few people have said they have no issue. It should also be noted my game only has 6 AI nations at this point.
It also must be stressed that it's exactly the 1st of every month. This is a classic time in PDX games where a lot of processing occurs. This is true for Stellaris, as you will see a lot of stuff only update on the 1st.
Finally, this exact thing has been seen a number of times in PDX games. It's always some rogue event or AI, running thousands of times instead of the expected 6 or something.