Chapter 48
May 30, 1896
May 30, 1896:
The area known as Germany has changed many times over the course of the centuries. After its conquest by Charlemagne, their land was incorporated into the Frankish empire and, at the end of the 9th Century, became the first duchy of Saxony. Along with Westphalia, Angria, Eastphalia and Holstein, Saxony originally occupied all of the territory between the Elbe and the Saale River on the east and the Rhine on the west. Franconia and Thuringia formed its southern borders.
Duke Henry I of Saxony was elected German king in 919 followed by his son, Emperor Otto I. In his graciousness, Otto bestowed the duchy of Saxony on Herman Billung, a native Saxon whose descendants would sit on the throne until the death of the last male heir in 1106. By 1142, though, Henry the Lion held the duchy and his struggle with Emperor Frederick I would end tragically for the Saxons – all of Henry’s fiefs were lost in 1180. The disintegration of Saxony had begun.
The rivalry between Saxony and Prussia, called Brandenburg before 1701, would prove to be the duchy’s undoing, though. Temporarily ruling over Polish lands, Saxony began a policy that would become familiar to it – changing sides in the middle of a conflict. Though the period of Saxon rule in Poland was an economic crisis, it marked an upturn in Saxony’s cultural and artistic contributions to the world. Augustus II and Augustus III spent every extra pfenning on art and learning.
Perhaps the most fateful of Saxony’s decisions, though, came during the Napoleonic Wars. Though originally allied with Prussia, the Saxons abandonded their allies in 1806 in favor of Napoleon. For his treachery, the former Saxon duke became King Frederick Augustus I. However, his failure to abandon France in favor of the allied armies would cost him dearly. Nearly half of Saxony would be awarded to the now-victorious-Prussians at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Now, it seemed, Saxony was fated for execution at the hands of the Swedish Empire.
Saxony in 1806:
Saxony in 1815:
Next:
Hurting An Ally