Semi-Lobster said:The Canary Islands: The Guanche are only one province and considering what we’re having to do to get cultural tags I'm sure we'll never see a seperate Guanche culture. As for the Guanche themselves, many historians say that Guanche was a Berber language from the little of the language they can find left.
The Guanche were the inhabitants of Tenerife, rather than all of the islands. Even if this language is related to Berber, at best it is only so in the way that Tocharian is related to Portuguese ... very vaguely. But they weren't Moslems and certainly were not under the control of any north african empire (i.e. never ruled by the Almohads)!
Semi-Lobster said:I assume when you mention Cumberland to be Brythonic as well you are referring to the Picts? While I agree with the hypothesis that they where Brythonic I'm unsure if they where a distinct people by 1066.
No, it is not a reference to the Picts. It is a reference to the Welsh of Cumbria brought under Scottish control in the 9th century, but not finally annexed until the 11th. A 12th century Scottish charter refers to Carlisle as Carduill ... close to a literal Cumbric meaning, and charters of Maelcoluim IV refer to <i>Walenses</i>. After the invasion of Edward I, the "laws of the Brets (Welsh) and Scots (Gaels)" are abolished. But in the 11th century, Cumberland and its neighbourhood produce some interesting names. One example is the Earl Cospatric, a British translation of the Scottish devotional form Gillapatraic. The sinificance is the late translation. I.e. it's a mixture of Welsh and Scottish culture indicating by-lingualism in the area. It's from the same way we know that the English armies of the Edwardian invasions enountered a by-lingual population in Falkirk (or had translators), since the town of Egglesbreth ("speckled church") is recorded in a Latin chronicle c. 1298 by "Fawe Kirke" ("speckled church").
Semi-Lobster said:Celtic stuff: First off we are splitting Breton from the other Brythonic languages because they had become by 1066, different then the other Brythonic peoples. They had been influenced by French but also because they had different names then the Cornish or Welsh.
They hadn't really. The Latin word "Brittones" is used for all. Welsh is a derisive word from Old English which simply means "foreigner" ... related directly to Swiss German "Welsch" (french swiss) and "Walloon" (low country french). Bretons are often called "Walenses" in insular charters too. All are related more broadly to Gaelic "Gal." Gerald of Wales tried to introduce the word "Cambrenses" for the Welsh in the 12th century (deriving from Welsh Cymry), because of the confusion.
Semi-Lobster said:As for Saxon being in Southern Scotland, I'm unsure, while I agree wwith what you're saying, we currently are using a very generic 'Scottish' tag to represent the Highland and the Lowlands which, although having things in common, where to different places and two different people inhabiting those areas. The different though was not exceptionally different later, not as much in 1066. Once again, there's probably people more knowledgeable on this subject then myself so I shall leave this to them but this is my opinion.
Well, "Highland" and "Lowland" are anachronisms in the CK period, not emerging as concepts until at least the late 14th century, but more probably not until the 16th century. East Lothian and Berwick weren't Scottish at all. Adam of Dryburgh refers to the area c. 1180 as the "Land of the English in the Kingdom of the Scots." Lothianic and proper English sources will speak about coming down from "Scotland into Lothian." One charter, issued by the King of the Scots, refers to “holding the whole land of Lothian and the Kingdom of Scotia.” In the early charters of David I, the characteristic address is “to all Scots and English resident throughout his realm, in both Scotland and Lothian.” Until the late middle ages, there are separate justiciarships for Scotland, Lothian and Galloway-Strathclyde. Scotland (Alba) and the Scots (Gaedheal) were distinct concepts, the former refering to the land north of the Forth and Clyde, the latter to the Gaelic speakers of Great Britain and the islands. Sometimes Gallovidians aren't Scots, Gall-Gaedheal ("foreign Scots") being the name they gave themselves, but often they were. The Lothianic English were never Scots. Up until the Wars of Independence, the King of the Scots had to do homage to the King of the English for the "Land of Lothian" (i.e. CK's Berwick and Lothian), and during the wars the population of that area were subject to blackmail and raiding by the Scottish "rebels" ... being treated as "English."
It changed in the 15th and 16th centuries when the imported, nativized English population of the Lothian and the burghs started to call their language "Scottis" and the former "Scottis" "Erse." But this ain't relevant to the CK period.
Hence, Lothian or at/and least Berwick should be English/Saxon, and that land part of England ... although ruled by the King of Scots.
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