God Save Us All - Part Five
The Great Eastern War
December 18th, 1907
General Brusilov presents his plans for an early spring offensive. The plan is amazingly daring and different from anything the Russian General Staff had ever envisioned before.
The General Staff has its doubts, but the Tsar enthusiastically approves the plan, dated to be launched on March 19th.
Troops and supplies begin to be secretly and slowly brought up to the planned front.
December 20th, 1907
The first Austrian and Saxe-Bavarian troops transferred from the Serbian front begin to arrive in Galicia. Almost 75 percent of the troops in Serbia are expected to be sent east, including even a Bulgarian army.
Saxe-Bavarian Troops are greeted by Galician townspeople.
January 2nd, 1908
The Italian press began a large-scale lobbying campaign in favour of an invasion of Libya, which most Italians feel thay have a right to. The lobbying is brought about by the conquest of Serbia by the Austrians, Italy’s number one rival and enemy. The war has sparked a dramatic rise in nationalism in Italy, where most Italians feel that Austria-Hungary will pass Italy up and become too powerful to deal with in the future if they defeat Russia.
Libya is viewed by most Italians as a large, resource-rich, well-watered and ill-defensed Ottoman land.
January 7th, 1908
In response to the growing Italian clamor to take Libya, the Ottoman government sends Rome a warning against any “endeavors of the military sort into Ottoman Libya.” Needless to say, the Jingoistic Italian people continue to lobby for an invasion.
January 13th, 1908
For the first time in history, an aircraft is shot down by another aircraft when an Austrian observation aircraft armed with a machine gun, fires and shoots down one of Russia’s few own aircraft. The pilot of the victorious craft is Godwin Brumowski, a former Artillery officer who transferred to the Air Service.
Both Austria-Hungary and Russia pour more money, manpower, and research in the design and building of aeroplanes.
January 20th, 1908
The Italian government, after consulting Napoleon IV, agrees to mobilize its armies and fleets in order to take Libya. The Ottomans give one last warning. The Italians do not back down.
January 21st, 1908
Not wanting war, but faced with no other choice, the Ottoman Empire declares war on Italy.
The Italian fleet begins sailing south.
January 23rd, 1908
The Italian Fleet begins shelling Benghazi. The Ottomans are horribly undermanned in Libya. They only have about 28,000 men, most of which are untrained Arabs. The Italians, on the other hand, were planning on sending in an army of 80,000 men, along with an additional 20,000 from Tunisia. The Italians also had almost complete naval superiority. Most of the Ottoman fleet was in the Black Sea keeping an eye on the Russians.
January 24th, 1908
The Italian force in Tunisia crosses into Libya with orders to take Tripoli. The Italian General Staff’s plans are for the Tunisian force to take Tripoli while the main force of men lands at Tobruk and work its way east.
January 25th, 1908
Italian sailors and marines take Benghazi after several days of naval bombardment.
February 2nd, 1908
The first Italian infantry land at Tobruk and take the city with relative ease. Most of the Turkish forces are concentrated in Tripoli.
February 5th, 1908
Italian infantry outside Tripoli are attacked by mobile Arab cavalry backed by a good force of Ottoman regulars. The feeble counterattack is beaten back after several hours of confused fighting. French training and French-made weapons are proving to be very advantageous.
Italian Infantry Outside Tripoli
[Note: In OTL, the Italians were pretty much slaughtered in an engagement just like this one. However, the Italian Army of ATL is much better trained and equipped, for which you can thank the French Empire.]
February 7th, 1908
Tripoli is surrounded and comes under attack by the Italians. There are about 10,000 Ottoman soldiers in the city, and they will fight hard.
February 9th, 1908
For the first time in history, an aircraft drops explosive bombs. This happens when an Italian dirigible drops explosives on Ottoman positions in Tripoli. The bombs cause little damage, but cause a few fires and confusion.
The Italian Dirigible Attack
February 10th, 1908
An Italian thrust into the heart of Tripoli is replused with heavy losses. The Italians are discouraged but keep up the attack.
February 15th, 1908
Italian infantry take Dernah. The force is pushing on to Benghazi and the small marine force there.
February 20th, 1908
After consulting once again with the French, Italy sends a naval force to the Dodecanese Islands and Rhodes.
February 22nd, 1908
After weeks of bloody fighting, the last Arab soldier surrenders in Tripoli. The Italians have paid dearly for it, losing close to 3,000 men.
February 27th, 1908
An Italian cavalry column marching westward to link up with the Tripoli force is surrounded and annilihated by Arab cavalry and light infantry. Italy vows to get revenge for this act.
February 29th, 1908
Rhodes and the Dodecanese are taken from the Turks with nary a shot fired.
March 12th, 1908
The Tunisian force and the Tobruk force meet about 50 miles west of Surt. All of the Libyan coastline is now in Italian hands. An Italian peace offering is sent to Istanbul.
March 14th, 1908
At a ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland, peace is formally made between the Ottoman Empire and The Kingdom of Italy. The Ottomans were not in a position of much power, and were forced to accept most demands made on them.
As a result of this war, Libya became an official colony of Italy, and the Dodecanese and Rhodes were formally annexed into the Kingdom. The war has been short, bloody, and establishes Italy as a colonial power.
March 15th, 1908
The Italo-Turkish War couldn’t have worked out any better for the Russians. It served as a distraction to their secret building up of forces in preparation for their new offensive. And as of March 15th, all the men are in place a day ahead of schedule. More than 750,000 men have been slowly and secretly gathered together for the offensive.
March 17th, 1908
General Brusilov gives the final Okay for the offensive to begin. His artillerymen only await his word to begin firing.
To Be Continued…