They can. That is what I meant with Yatenga causing trouble - Russia vassalized, then integrated Yatenga, and now started connecting the bits.
Well, at some point they just had to realize their potential

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Sad, but true. With Russia and Venezuela pushing into China, the region will never look the same

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Chapter Thirty-Four: An Undead Vulture
Scotland! Former ruler of South-East Asia, multiple times reduced to OPM, but still there. Now a Hindu administrative monarchy under the good Raja Robert IV Maitland, I will try my best to lead the 3PM back to a bit of their former glory. Which includes taking the four cores left from Ning, what Robert has already begun to do. His general Robert Sinclair has begun the siege of Leichow with the full might of Scotland's 15 regiments, while Scotland's allies Pegu and Ragusa are not involved.
Said army is grand, but currently less so, increasing its cost. That I earn less taxes at the same time is disconcerting. But at least Robert has achieved Jnana to his personal deity Ganesha. Who didn't prevent the Raja from enacting a totally useless policy, the Naval Secrecy Act. Ning has the incredible amount of zero ships under their flag, so I wonder if the opium trade has begun. Also, Scotland picked exploration as third idea – a bad idea. They could almost never afford a colony, and when they did, in Western New Guinea, Champa got it. The other ideas are useful though – Administrative, Defensive, Offensive and Economic. So I replace useless Exploration with Trade ideas. More income is always good, and it invalidates the Naval Secrecy Act at the same time, which saves me a diplo point.
Taking Trade ideas reminded me of the merchants – just to see where they were at work. No wonder Scotland collapsed before. One merchant is in Hangzhou, transferring trade to Xi'an. The other one transfers it from Xi'an to Yumen. For those not acquainted with the East Asian trade nodes, Yumen is the Mongol trade node – Scotland is entirely in the Canton trade node. I correct the trade flow and add my new third merchant as well, and Foix immediately repays my efforts with subsidies. Well thank you. I won't have any cash problems for a while.
Many are those feasting on Ning's bankruptcy. Huai is also one of them. They have occupied two of my cores! I can't let this stand. Besides, they are spread all over China with no more than two connected provinces and weak. I also have a mission to take Waichow. So I put it to use and declare a nationalist war. Huai's army flees as I chase them around Ning's Southern lands, but then they end up trapped by 26k noble rebels in Zhenyuan. Sinclair moves in, forces them to flee North, and I won't see anything from Huai's army until the end of the turn.
marked in yellow: Scottish cores; red: Zhenyuan
Huai's army dealt with, I move in to occupy their Southern land, where a nasty surprise awaits me. 67k Min patriots waited in the fog of war, and move into Waichow just as Sinclair arrives. He can't flee, but manages to retreat. Thing is, Waichow is not of Min, but Hakka culture. The patriots are heading towards my wargoal Leichow. Which means my fleeing army is on their way – only the artillery gets away unscathed this time.
The Emir of Medri Bahri swears fealty to Venezuela, this time of free will, and Date doesn't want to stand back behind their rival Foix. 6.8 ducats more of subsidies leave a very nice balance in my economy. I can easily repay the loan. There is also no more need for the war taxes Robert had raised. Others struggle. Ning, going bankrupt again. Bengal, not only faced with the Jalayirid might, but now also invaded by Nepal. Brandenburg, releasing the Ainu... yes, where they should be.
And my aristocrats, complaining about our defensive tactics. Truly, they don't understand the Scottish masterplan of focusing both on the defence and the offence! Ignorant bunch. The Mexicans do understand: Scandinavia gets the beating I planned. The Peruvians also end their conquest of Tripura once and for all.
Having lost their progress to me, Huai seals a white peace with Ning. Aragon on the other hand grows a bit again – before Ning's next bankruptcy. They are drowning in rebels, and I start to take extra care avoiding them. Still, poor Ning. It is not the soil, as Scotland experiences a bountiful harvest. It was Russia. Other nations have more luck. Mexico annexes Madurai, as I had planned. With it cored, they should be able to take on North-East Asia at last.
Then I get a good idea. Or at least I hope it is. With all the Min patriots running around, how about conquering Min itself? Who will they defect to then, if at all? Min is an OPM on Hainan and doesn't put up much of a fight when Sinclair appears in Kingchow. As I prepare its annexation, Mexico takes Munster and Liang becomes independent of Ning. A new Chinese OPM.
Ganzhou is almost mine (42%) when 24k peasants attack. My 8k strong army there puts up a good fight, but is simply overwhelmed. I am not pleased. Robert flees into the Ganesh Chaturthi to forget that defeat, which is a waste of money as I am already at +3 stability. Well, it can't hurt with all the subsidies flowing in. I have to show my Hindu friends in India that their money is well-spent. Though I very much doubt that Robert gains many friends if he celebrates Ganesha's birth with a cross.
Keladi also senses its opportunity to attack Bengal, who hasn't given in to anyone yet. Min does. With their annexation, there is a pleasant surprise in store for me: The patriots are loyal to Scotland! Freedom for the Min! Under wise Hindu rule! Pegu celebrates by declaring an Imperialist war on Tafilalt. They have Dali (occupied by Russia) and Kangra on their side. I join, but don't do anything. They don't need it anyway. But it gives me the chance to marry into Date's royal family.
81k angry Ning nobles begin to besiege the lands I claim as my cores. That's not good. At least they deal with the damned rabble of Ganzhou. I guess charging with some pitchforks into a noble army double your size is not a good idea. As good as it was of Bengal to attack a Yeren backed by the Jalayirids. It doesn't end well. But having your capital close to your enemy is a good idea. I can't take both of Huai's Southern provinces, only Waichow, which I begin to convert.
Ming remembers its roots and attacks Miao. Meanwhile, I grow desperate of the Ning nobles and try to pay them off. Costs much, but the subsidies pay for it... Smugglers are the first to take advantage of it. This in turn angers my generous financiers. Foix and Date both cancel their subsidies not destined to flow into the hands of the corrupt Ning nobility. So I am forced to back down.
I could just stall the rebels' progress for a while, but if I take much longer, I lose. Pegu makes peace with Tafilalt, and I do the same with Ning. I would have preferred a bit much, but I could reclaim my cores plus Liuzhou. Ending the offensive war let me ally Date and Shan.
Just a month after the peace, the nobles enforce their demands. So close, yet so far... Oh well. At least I got Fuzhou, a rich province defecting to me thanks to the patriots. There are some left, but they aren't friendly to me even if they wave the Scottish flag. Decide yourself! I even accept Min culture now! Pretty please... Also, Mombasa attacks Ning next as I research the Covered Way (mil 24).
I start supporting them. They only cost 1.5 ducats, I can afford this even without subsidies – as long as Russia doesn't attack me. Thankfully, their war with Dali ends with them taking Jianchang and not giving us a border. Robert's wise rule, carried by nationalistic enthusiasm, also causes the rich classes to make a donation to further support his rule. Robert is most pleased, puts it in the treasury, and declares a new war – on recently crippled Ainu, who had to accept the Qi rebels' demands.
The fleet can only transport four regiments at once. But Kamikawa, Ainu's province, is besieged by 7k Shinto zealots with a good general. No good idea to attempt a landing. The fleet returns, and I start an expansion program. The navy requires a lot of bureaucracy, which is thus very successful in this year.
Ning has to release Mongolia, as Serbia loses control of Mentese (Egypt). In Scotland, the tension of my conversion efforts escalates. Sinclair immediately puts a stop to the attackers in Waichow before heading to Liuzhou and reaching another victory. Soon after, Waichow's dominant religion is Hinduism. I wonder why...
Russia annexes Pattani, and preys on Foix next, as my rebel supporters get discovered. Bye-bye free expansion. I can't resend any spy, so that chapter is closed. The rebels won't defect to me, as much as I follow the idea of a shipwright concerning his rival's ships. They are just half-way to transporting Sinclair to Kamikawa, so no, they don't sink in the harbour.
Haixi preys on Korea as Sokoto loses land to Miao, defeated by its allies. No matter for Sinclair, who defeats the zealots in Kamikawa. The wars did cost a lot of manpower though, and I have to ease the taxes on the peasants. At least Kamikawa is mine.
But only Kamikawa? No, Scotland is used to control the Northern part of a continent's most influential island – so it will control the whole Northern island of Asia's most influential island chain! Hokkaido is Scottish! And the Qi can't claim otherwise – they do, and it is their loss.
They come under the carpet, as 1781 draws near. Scotland is now around as strong as its neighbours. Hopefully it won't collapse again – at least it won't under my watch. My roll is a two, and I leave. For Louisiana? Ever saw me mention this country? No? Well, there is a good reason – and no, not because it has been annexed like many other rolls. For now over 336 years, Louisiana almost never interacted with the outside world, ruling nothing more than the Shetlands. So no. Instead, I will take over as the Huron, rulers of the Eastern Baltic.