The Svengali
He doesn’t move that much, Escher mentally noted, wondering what the team of analysts watching this play out were making of all this. No wasted movements, no wasted energy. Like a lion waiting for his opportunity to pounce on a victim. Or a cat perhaps playing with his prey? Even in his face, there is little to give away his thoughts – he is one of those who cant easily be read, working out all the variables in his head before making his opinion known. Like Amadeus, who wrote complete symphonies in his head before committing them to paper in a single, perfect draft.
1929, Guderian is given command of the Truppenamt Abtl. Heeres-Transport – inspection command of motorized units, and a year later he is given command of a motorized battalion. Believing that communication was vital to decisive warfare, he devised a radio system that enabled communication between tank officers. In 1930, he becomes a teacher of motorized transport tactics in Berlin, attracting the attention of several up and coming staff officers who would sit in on his lectures, including Erich Hoepner, Dietrich von Saucken and Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz. In 1931, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, becoming the Chief of Staff to the Inspectorate of Motorized Troops, and insider eighteen months was a full blown Colonel.
During this period he wrote relentlessly about armored and motorized warfare and corresponded with other proponents of armored warfare including Charles de Gaulle, George Patton and the Russian Mikhail Tukhachevsky. All the major players of the period – de Gaulle, Patton, Tukhachevsky, JFC Fuller, Liddell Hart – he translated their works into German and presented them to his peers, often refining what they wrote and improving on it. He wargamed without troops extensively, with paper tanks and then with armored vehicles – it was during one of these wargames at Kummersdorf in 1933 that Hitler, who was a voracious reader of any and all things Guderian, saw what armored divisions could do and ordered the creation of three early Panzer divisions, completely ignoring the Treaty of Versailles.
What would have happened if Hitler had not taken a trip that day? Escher asked himself. While he was interested in Guderian’s theories, established officers like Beck still had his ear. Could all of this had been avoided if Hitler had of come down with a cold?
In 1934, he was made Chief of Staff of the Motorized Troops Command and in October of 1935 he was posted to the newly crated 1st Panzer Division, joining Maximilian von Weichs zu Glon, who picked up command of the 2nd Panzer Division, as the first two Panzer leaders. In January of 1937, he was promoted to Major-General and six months later was promoted again to Lieutenant-General and given the lofty title of Chef der Schnellen Truppen – responsible for the training, tactics and technique of all motorized and armored units. Technically, he served under the discretion of the Chief of the General Staff of the Oberkommando des Heeres, but in reality the only person Guderian answered to was Hitler, and not Beck.
Almost a meteoric rise, Escher noted. That must have pissed a lot of people off, members of the old guard who must have been shitting themselves with jealousy. Would Guderian have been aware of it? It obviously didnt bother him, as he still employed Beck and used his expertise as an infantry man - obviously Guderian was a fan of the old adage that one keeps your enemies and critics as close as possible so they can cause the least amount of damage. Spring of 1937, he published his book, which was a compilation of all his teachings, writings and translations, a synthesis of everything so even the most venal critics could get an understanding of what he was proposing and where he wanted to take them. Even his most vocal and adamant critics had to at least agree that everything he proposed looked great on paper.
In August of 1937, Hitler - bypassing Beck and the other conservative elements on the General staff, orders Guderian to put together a task force for the invasion of Czechoslovakia - Fall Grün, and the first draft was ready in October, calling for an assault in the summer of 1938. His pan was presented to Hitler along with additional recommendations and estimates for other potential targets in Eastern Europe – Poland, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia. Guderian’s confidence was infectious, and radically changed the Chanceller’s outlook on the possibilities of war, leading to the Hossbach Memorandum of November 5th 1937, where Hitler outlined his plans for expansion to his military and foreign policy leadership.
Reich Foreign Minister Baron Konstantin von Neurath, the Reich War Minister Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, the Wehrmacht Commander General Werner von Fritsch all argued that the foreign policy Hitler espoused was highly risky and that Germany needed much more time to rearm. All three were strongly opposed to Guderian’s blitzkrieg and warned that there was no way to start and finish localized wars before France and Britain invaded from the west. Hitler ignored all three to the point that all were sacked by the fall of 1938, along with Beck. Guderian was given the job of Chief of Staff of the Army High Command and told to prepare Fall Weiss – the invasion of Poland.
The German plan for the Invasion of Poland
Escher marveled at how entranced Hitler was at the possibilities of what was being proposed, as if Guderian was some sort of svengali with mystical control over the chancellor. A German version of Rasputin – that’s how entranced Hitler was at the potential of the Panzers, Escher thought. But what leader, burning inside to avenge the stupidities of Versailles and to ensure that Germany achieved what they considered to be their rightful place in the sun, wouldn't look at the candies being offered and reach for them wholeheartedly?
Guderian’s Fall Weiss called for a lightning thrust with his Panzers that would drive north upwards toward Warsaw, meeting a smaller force led by Guderian that would take Danzig and then drive south to hook up with Hoeppner and Runstedt’s Army Group South. The pincer was intended to encircle the entire Polish army and then completely destroy it west of the Vistula. The go ahead was given on August 30th 1939 after Poland refused to cave in to Hitler’s demands for Danzig and it worked out exactly as Guderian had outlined. His tanks rolled up to, over and then through the Polish armed forces, and by the 16th of September, Poland capitulated completely.
As expected, France and Britain declared war, but neither were in any position to do anything other than sit in their bunkers behind the Maginot Line and look pretty. Which was a damn shame, Escher chuckled to himself, as the French outnumbered the Germans up and down the line by 5 to 1 in places. All they had to do was get off their baguette eating asses and cross the border, and there was almost nothing between them and Berlin. The whole damn thing, all those millions of wasted lives, all because the French were too lazy to fight.
“Something amusing, Chronicler?” Guderian asked as he intently watched Escher.
“Just remarking to myself at how the French could have walked all over your western front forces while you were in Warsaw.”
Escher waited for a reaction, hoping that one would appear, but he was disappointed. “Perhaps the French would have made some progress,” Guderian answered, “but by the time they had committed themselves to the battle and emerged from their vaunted Maginot Line, we would have been there to destroy them.”
Always with the supreme sense of confidence, of knowing that nothing the enemy could throw at him would matter the slightest, Escher thought. This inner sense of infallibility, is that would drove him? Most generals would have rested on their laurels that fall, but Guderian instead implements Fall Margarethe, the invasion of Hungary, on October 6th.
“Is that why you turned south from Warsaw and destroyed Hungary in a mere ten days? Because you knew that the French wouldn’t have been able to pick up any real estate in the late fall?”
“It seemed like the logical thing to do, since we were in the neighborhood and all,” Guderian answered with a wry smile.
The official order by Hitler for the attack on Poland on August 31st