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Chronology: 1500s, the Indian century
1503-06 --- Conquistadors Afonso de Abuquerque and Almeida reduce to vassalage the Sunni potentates of Mogadishu and Malindi
1508-10 --- Portugal conquers the important centre of trade in Zanzibar, Vasco da Gama discovers East Indies and reaches Guangzhou, making contact with the Chinese Empire
1514-16 --- War against Morocco, Almeida recaptures Tangiers and the rich salt trading post of Mdenna in the Sahara region
1516-21 --- Carlos I, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, reunites the Crowns of Spain, Burgundy and Austria
1518 --- Luther begins his predications and Reformation spreads in Northern Europe
1520-21 --- Portuguese armies conquer and reduce to vassal the Sultanate of Kilwa
1521 --- Joao III, Manuel I's son, is King of Portugal
1523 --- Admiral De Queros completes the first voyage around the World reaching East Indies from South America
1526 --- After the Battle of Mohacs, Ottoman Turks defeat and subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary
1530 --- Commander Francisco Xavier takes Mascate and reduces to vassalage the Sultan of Oman
1531-42 --- In his second life as "nuncio apostolico", Francisco Xavier secures the town of Goa to the Crown and founds a settlement in Timor (Moluccas). Concurrently, with Martin de Sousa begins the systematic exploration and colonisation of North America
1536-40 --- Jesuits' influence over Portuguese custom expands, but Joao III keeps away the worst intemperances of Counter-reformation refusing to institute Holy Inquisition
1542-53 --- Mem da Sa takes control of Eastern Zimbabwe and vassalises Kongo to enhance merchants' security in those routes
1550-54 --- Martin de Sousa founds Nova Lagos in Roanoke, first Portuguese colony in North America
1556-57 --- Oman breaks its dependence from the Portuguese Crown, in Far East China gives up the port of Macao for trading purposes
1558-62 --- France collapses into 50 years of Religion Wars after Francois I's rout against the Spanish-Hapsburg forces
1457-61 --- During Queen Mother Catarina's regency on King Sebastiao I, the Crusade against Egypt to liberate Holy Land ends with the vassalisation of the Caliphate
1568 --- Netherlands revolts under Willem of Orange against the Spanish rule: a new nation is born!
1571 --- King Sebastiao I's Crusade to India conquers Calcutta, the richest centre of trade in the world
1578-80 --- After King Sebastiao's dethroning for madness, Cardinal Henrique becomes the last King of the House of Avis. After his death, Felipe II of Spain (Felipe I of Portugal) rises to power
1582 --- Antonio Dom Crato seizes Malacca, Portugal controls – with Zanzibar and Calcutta – a great part of Asian trade
1588-89 --- As a result of Ivory War against Benin and Ashanti, Ivoria becomes a Portuguese province
1594-99 --- First Italic War (against the Kingdom of Italy and its allies), started by Felipe I and successfully concluded by his son Felipe II (King since 1498), who establishes a protectorate over Medicis' Tuscany