This likely wont work the first time but.
Opening move is, try to ally Georgia and Circissia. Marry if you have to.
Once they are allied wait for Crimea to attack, if they don't- great.
Wait until you're allied with Poland, around this time Ottomans have started attacking Byzantium. That's when you strike. They usually siege Constantinople last, you're gonna take it. They also usually leave Athens alone once you grab the Byzantium capital so grab the Athenians afterwards. Also grab any greek states that breaks from Venice, that's very common in 1.8.
If you married, wait for the Marriages to Georgia and Circissia to fail and then break alliance and attack. While doing this improve relations with Muscow. If you're lucky they'll have started expanding downward at this point.
Crimea will have allied with a horde, be it Timurids or some other close to Ottomans. Wait for the Ottomans to declare on a horde and attack Crimea with Poland/Lithuanian backup.
While eating crimea wait for the Golden Horde to attack and Vassalize Crimea (Grabbing the 3 Astrakzan regions for yourself) grab the Golden Hordes 3 other regions and peace out before forming the new vassal.
Make them both into Marches and bam. You're now a minor gothic empire next to what is likely a huge threatening Ottoman Blob. If the Ottomans haven't killed you yet they will try soon, but if you can keep the Russians and Poles appeased you might be able to pull through. It's like Byzantium but harder!
*spoiler* Spoiler *spoiler*
Everything I said above is can't be depended on. The only way to survive as Theodoro is to be an opportunist through and through, the game as such a small and weak OPM is unpredictable. Observe your environment and take advantage of small isolated states, greeks preferred since they are in your culture group. Most of the time you will fail but an experienced player should be able to pull through after a few tries by cannibalizing his fellow Greek/Georgians/Circissians.
Due to your constant need to core and improve your military I suggest Diplomacy for your first idea group. More diplomats and relations is certainly needed if you're going to have vassals hanging around and appeasing the larger world powers.
Constantinople is great. It has your main culture and when you move your capital there your income will skyrocket. Which is certainly useful to say the least.
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