Chapter 4 - The Northern Offensive
Chapter 4: The Northern Offensive
(June 1942-February 1943)
After the ultimate failure of Operation Red Thunder, Stalin wanted to renew the offensive. Realizing that the German troops in the Ukraine would be on their guard after Red Thunder, Stalin chose a new target: the northern front. Indeed, while the Red Army had to fight for its life against the German Wehrmacht, the Red Army had held off Finnish forces with ease. Furthermore, Red Thunder had force the Germans to transfer many divisions from the northern front in order to hold off the Russian advance. Therefore, the STAVKA felt that the situation was ripe for a major breakthrough. Consequently, the Russian High Command planned a daring, two phase offensive in the north. The first phase was a broad-front offensive with a very ambitious objective: to knock Finland out of the war for good. The second phase was a rehash of the old plans for the winter offensive from earlier that year and had the same objective: to break the front in the north and surround as many divisions as possible in Estonia. On June 3rd 1942, Stalin ordered the first phase of his offensive to begin. On the morning of June 4th, hundreds of Soviet divisions stormed Finnish defensive positions all across the front. Mikkeli and Joensu fell rapidly. Once they did, the Red Army assigned all available resources to achieve a decisive breakthrough towards Helsinki. While Finnish defences were quickly smashed, the actual attack on Helsinki was a longer and more brutal affair. As Red Army forces got bogged down in the urban fighting in Helsinki, Stalin sent in more forces in order to seal enable the Red Army to continue its offensive before Finnish forces could mount adequate resistance. Finally, on June 17th, Helsinki fell to the Red Army advance. After raising the Soviet flag over the Presidentinlinna, Red Army forces carried on with the offensive. As the advance carried on Finnish troops were increasingly incapable of mounting an adequate defence.
The Red Army advance on in Finland in late June
On June 21st, Tampere and Turku fell to Russian troops. On the 24th, Finnish forces asked for an armistice. The following day, Finnish emissaries met with the Soviet Foreign Minister in order to negotiate a formal peace agreement. As the Finns now had little to bargain with, agreements were reached quickly. Realising it would not have the resources for a total occupation of Finland, and that it needed the troops currently tied down on the Finnish front elsewhere, the Kremlin agreed to compromise. In exchange for keeping independence, the Finnish government agreed to cease hostilities with the Soviet Union and to declare war on Germany. Following this glorious victory, German divisions in Finland were forced to surrender quickly. The victory over Finland also meant that Russia would be able to permanently assure a secure route from Britain to the Soviet Union for Lend-Lease supplies by carrying on and invading Norway.
The plans for the Russian invasion of Norway
Knowing that the Nazi occupied country would be weakly defended, Stalin diverted most of his troops from the Finnish front to the Northern front in order to begin phase two of the offensive. Remaining units would encounter little resistance while heading towards Oslo. Soon, Soviet forces were in the Norwegian capital. By September 19th 1942, the entire country was under Soviet control. Since the war was still raging on and Stalin wanted to assure a permanent end to Allied influence in Scandinavia and so chose to post-pone forming a puppet cabinet for the moment and decided to keep the country under military occupation. Soviet troops in Norway therefore had fought their last battle. Elsewhere, along the Northern German-Soviet front, preparations for the second phase of the offensive were finalised by the beginning of August. On August 4th, Stalin ordered the launch of the second phase of the offensive.
The initial battle plans for Phase 2 of the Northern Offensive
The first objective was to break through German lines and settle the frontline somewhere near Pskov running through to Velikiye Luki. Then, Soviet armoured elements would attempt a breakthrough at Voru in order to surround German troops in Estonia. The attacks along the front went well. At the second battle of Gdov, Soviet forces recaptured the city rather quickly and pressed on to Pskov. Meanwhile, the fighting around Velikiye Luki started to recede, as in a chance encounter elements of the 14th Infantry Corps that had broken through the lines ran into German reinforcements trying to cross the marshes to reinforce the city. With surprise on their side, Russian force inflicted heavy losses on the German reinforcements and forced them to retreat. This in turn enabled Red Army troops fighting in the city to defeat the defenders more rapidly, as the desired reinforcements had failed to come to the aid of their embattled brothers in arms. Furthermore, as the front collapsed around them, German forces found retreat to be increasingly hard, as they frequent found themselves to rear areas that were considered “safe”, only to find that these areas had been overrun by Soviet armoured elements. As a result of this, many German units suffered absolutely horrendous losses as they were constantly were harassed during their retreats. The worst of all theses was during the Battle of the Novorzhev Gap, where more than 17 German divisions from the German 18th Army and 14th Panzer Army tried to escape imminent encirclement at Staraya-Russa by pushing through a gap only a few hundred miles wide at Novorzhev. Although most divisions were able to escape (albeit with heavy casualties) a two divisions were caught in the encirclement. The subsequent battle for Staraya-Russa was brutal and brief, with the pocket being promptly crushed with most soldiers preferring to die than surrender to the Russians. Following this victory, Russian armoured elements that had assembled in Pskov continued their advance, striking at Voru with the ultimate objective of capturing Tallinn and reaching the Baltic Sea, therefore encircling German forces at Narva. With German forces still reeling from the blows recently dealt to them by the Red Army, Russian armoured corps had no problem breaking through the lines. Voru fell in a couple of days, and Tartu was liberated only 4 days later. Finally, on October 8th 1942, after a fierce battle with the four German corps that faced encirclement at Narva, Tallinn fell and the Narva pocket was sealed.
German Forces under Field Marshall Von Rundstedt encircled at Narva
Though land connection was closed off, the small port of Narva was still functional, and it was clear that German convoys were resupplying the embattled forces, as air reconnaissance clearly showed. In response, Stalin decided to use the still unfinished Soviet fleet at Leningrad to prevent German convoys from reaching the city. Also, Stalin ordered the port of Narva, as well as the city itself, to be brutally bombarded, in order to render the port unusable and to pin German troops inside their buildings. On October 18th, Soviet forces at Kingisepp crossed the strait to attack Narva. While a bridgehead was successfully secured and maintained, Russian troops were unable to take the city. 2 days later, German troops tried to break the encirclement and therefore save the four corps in Narva. This triggered a massive Soviet counterattack in and around Gulbene. Unable to attack and defend simultaneously, German forces were quickly forced to abandon the relief effort. Finally, on October 31st, the city of Gulbene was retaken and therefore all hope of freeing the beleaguered forces was lost. The German soldiers in Narva would have to fend for themselves. A few days later, Soviet forces captured Riga.Following this victory, Stalin decided that the priority would be to destroy the German forces at Narva and that offensive operations would be halted until this objective was completed. First, he ordered that the city be extensively bombed, day and night. He also asked the Soviet Navy to continue applying pressure by destroying German convoys in the Gulf of Finland and to continue bombarding the city. After severe losses, Hitler ordered resupply operations to Narva be halted. The German forces at Narva were now truly lost. Finally, on November 24th, Soviet forces launched a massive assault on Narva. Field Marshal von Rundstedt did his best to organise a cohesive defence, but his troops were dirty, hungry, low on ammo and grenades and exhausted by the endless Russian bombings.
The last stages of the Second Battle of Narva
Finally, against the orders of Hitler, who demanded German forces at Narva fight to the death, von Rundstedt ordered the surrender of all German troops in the Narva pocket on December 11th 1942. At the time of encirclement, von Rundstedt had a total of 5 corps under his command (some 250 000 men). By the time German troops were forced to surrender, only 4 severely under strength divisions remained in the city. The surrender at Narva was the first time German troops had surrendered to the Red Army in large numbers, and this fact was not lost on Russian soldiers. This great victory greatly encouraged Russian forces across the entire theatre of operations and greatly boosted the morale at home. The surrender greatly fuelled the growing belief in the Red Army that the Fascist invader could be defeated, and that, eventually, Russia would triumph. By the end of 1942, the Red Army had come into its own as a fearsome fighting force and now had seized the initiative across the front. Only time would tell what the year 1943 had in store for both sides...
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wow, 1 551 words, that's my longest update ever I believe ! Anyway, hope you enjoy

Haven't started Chapter 5 but I have all my screens so we will see when I manage to get it done, but it should be done by Friday at the latest (if it's not, I'm sorry, please don't shoot me

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