After the reconquest of Normandy in 1450, Charles VII sent his lieutenant general, comte de Dunois, with a large French army to reconquer Guyenne in 1451. The English had relied considerably on the loyality of a large number of Gascons in their long association with the English king for the regional defense against attacks by the French king. The English deployed few troops in the region and the pro-English Gascons (whose number was lessening as French fortunes were dramatically changing in the north) were unable to resist the military onslaught of the royal army. Guyenne was regained in remarkably short time. The successful campaign of reconquest ended with the 30 June 1451 French entrance into the regional capital, Bordeaux.
Unhappy with the new French regime, particularly with constraints on the lucrative trade with England, the merchant-oriented leaders of Bordeaux sent a delegation to London and convinced the English king, Henry VI, to send an army. The famous veteran, John Talbot, now in his mid-seventies, was appointed to lead the expedition of 3,000 men that landed in Guyenne 17 October 1452. Immediately, the citizens of Bordeaux opened their gates to Talbot, ejecting the surprised French garrison. Many towns in Guyenne quickly followed in reasserting their loyalty to the English, and Charles VII's 1451 reconquest was undone.
Strategically, the French had been surprised. They had believed that the English expedition was going to be sent to Normandy. It was not until mid-summer of 1453, that Charles VII assembled an invasion force for Guyenne. Three French armies approached western Guyenne, the Bordelais: one from the northeast, one from the east, and one from southeast. Charles VII followed with a reserve army.
Talbot's son, Lord de Lisle, arrived in Bordeaux with additional English troops, that brought the English contingent to nearly 6,000. As usual, the English counted on augmenting their army with loyal Gascons, a potential to assemble more men than any royal invasion army. So the separate French armies advanced carefully...
...Talbot's defeat left no field army in Guyenne to support the English cause. The Gascon towns quickly surrendered as the French artillery approached. When Bordeaux again surrendered to Charles VII (10 October), the real combat portion of the Hundred Years' War was over.